Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in raw milk of buffalo feeding at wastewater-irrigated agricultural farms in Pakistan
| Autor: | Abid Mahmood, Farhat Abbas, Tahir Imran Qureshi, Muhammad Ibrahim, Zafar Iqbal, Matin Gul |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Irrigation
Agricultural Irrigation Farms Buffaloes Tube well Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 010501 environmental sciences Wastewater 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment Toxicology Soil Fodder Metals Heavy Environmental Chemistry Animals Humans Soil Pollutants Pakistan 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry food and beverages Agriculture General Medicine Contamination Raw milk Pollution Soil contamination Milk Environmental science Cattle business Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental science and pollution research international. 27(23) |
| ISSN: | 1614-7499 |
| Popis: | Wastewater irrigation to grow fodder for animals and cattle farming is common practice in Pakistan. Hence, this study was conducted in Multan, Pakistan, to assess heavy metal pollution, human health risk and the total target health quotient (TTHQ) of heavy metals in raw milk of buffalo feeding at different agricultural farms and to identify sources of toxicity in milk. Samples of raw milk (n = 60) were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb by ICP-OES, Perkin Elmer, USA. The TTHQ values of heavy metals ranged from 6.92 to 42.44 in raw milk of buffalo, highest at wastewater-irrigated agricultural farms and lowest at tube well water site, indicating high carcinogenic health risk to exposed population. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that contaminated fodder like Maize and Brassica plants grown with wastewater and contaminated soil are common sources contributing the heavy metal contamination in raw milk. It invites attention of government to remediate the situation to avoid the potential risks to public health from resulting food chain contamination. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink