Biomonitoring Equivalents for molybdenum
| Autor: | Kristin Macey, Andy Nong, Devika Poddalgoda, Lesa L. Aylward, Ming Lu, Sean M. Hays |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Tolerable daily intake Canada National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Population Nutritional Status Physiology Urine 010501 environmental sciences 030501 epidemiology Recommended Dietary Allowances Toxicology Models Biological Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Species Specificity Biomonitoring Animals Humans Medicine education 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Molybdenum No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level education.field_of_study Reference dose Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry Age Factors General Medicine Trace Elements Dietary Reference Intake Toxicity Environmental Pollutants Female 0305 other medical science business Biomarkers Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 77:223-229 |
| ISSN: | 0273-2300 |
| Popis: | Molybdenum is an essential trace element for mammalian, plant, and other animal systems. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has established an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) to assure sufficient molybdenum intakes for human populations; however excessive exposures can cause toxicity. As a result, several agencies have established exposure guidance values to protect against molybdenum toxicity, including a Reference Dose (RfD), Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Biomonitoring for molybdenum in blood or urine in the general population is being conducted by the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using pharmacokinetic data from controlled human dosing studies, Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) were calculated for molybdenum in plasma, whole blood, and urine associated with exposure guidance values set to protect against both nutritional deficits and toxicity. The BEEAR values in plasma, whole blood and urine are 0.5, 0.45 and 22 μg/L, respectively. The BEs associated with toxicity range from 0.9 to 31 μg/L in plasma, 0.8-28 μg/L in whole blood and 200-7500 μg/L in urine. These values can be used to interpret molybdenum biomonitoring data from a nutritional and toxicity perspective. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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