The Association Between Olfaction and Depression: A Systematic Review
| Autor: | Rodney J. Schlosser, Shaun A. Nguyen, Zachary M. Soler, Preeti Kohli, John S. Muus |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Physiology Population Anosmia Review Article Olfaction Olfaction Disorders 03 medical and health sciences Behavioral Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine Hyposmia Physiology (medical) Internal medicine Sensory threshold medicine Olfactory threshold Humans education Depression (differential diagnoses) Depressive Disorder education.field_of_study business.industry Sensory Systems 030227 psychiatry Smell Systematic review Sensory Thresholds medicine.symptom business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Chemical Senses. 41:479-486 |
| ISSN: | 1464-3553 0379-864X |
| DOI: | 10.1093/chemse/bjw061 |
| Popis: | Previous studies on the relationship between olfaction and depression have revealed mixed results. In addition, few have focused on the reciprocity of this association. The aim of this study is to combine depression and olfactory data in two separate patient populations to further understand their association. A systematic literature review was conducted using 3 online databases to identify studies correlating olfaction and depression in patients presenting with either primary depression or primary olfactory dysfunction. For the depressed population, weighted means and standard deviations for the Sniffin’ Sticks Test and the 40-item Smell Identification Test were combined using 10 studies. For the olfactory dysfunction population, weighted means of Beck’s Depression Inventory were combined using 3 studies. Independent t-tests were used to compare differences between groups. Comparing primary depressed patients with controls, depressed patients showed decreased scores in olfactory threshold (6.31±1.38 vs. 6.78±0.88, P = 0.0005), discrimination (12.05±1.44 vs. 12.66±1.36, P = 0.0073), identification (12.57±0.74 vs. 12.98±0.90, P < 0.0001), and 40-Item Smell Identification Test (35.31±1.91 vs. 37.41±1.45, P < 0.0001). In patients with primary olfactory dysfunction, Beck’s Depression Inventory scores were significantly different between patients classified as normosmics, hyposmics and anosmics (5.21±4.73 vs. 10.93±9.25 vs. 14.15±5.39, P ≤ 0.0274 for all 3 comparisons). In conclusion, patients with depression have reduced olfactory performance when compared with the healthy controls and conversely, patients with olfactory dysfunction, have symptoms of depression that worsen with severity of smell loss. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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