Production and utilization of energy and climate adaptation: Global tasks and local routes

Autor: Romen Magaril, Giuseppe Genon, Deborah Panepinto, Lubov Trushkova, Marco Ravina, Elena Magaril, Mariachiara Zanetti
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
biogas
biomethane
climatic adaptation
energy efficiency
environmental safety
hydrocarbon fuels
multifunctional additive
Engineering
020209 energy
Geography
Planning and Development
Climatic adaptation
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Management
Monitoring
Policy and Law
biomethane
01 natural sciences
Environmental safety
biogas
0202 electrical engineering
electronic engineering
information engineering
Production (economics)
Adaptation (computer science)
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
energy efficiency
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
environmental safety
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Renewable Energy
Sustainability and the Environment
business.industry
Environmental resource management
BIOMETHANE
climatic adaptation
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVE
CLIMATIC ADAPTATION
HYDROCARBON FUELS
BIOGAS
hydrocarbon fuels
business
multifunctional additive
Energy (signal processing)
Efficient energy use
Zdroj: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning
ISSN: 1743-761X
1743-7601
DOI: 10.2495/sdp-v12-n8-1326-1337
Popis: Nowadays, when the energy, industry and transport sectors are adapting to climate change and need to reduce their environmental impact, it is vital that the optimal solutions are found for individual countries and their different circumstances. Territories, which have a hydrocarbon deficit, should use non-conventional energy sources while the countries with substantial resources of hydrocarbons should be focused on the strategy of raising the energy efficiency, i.e. to reduce the specific consumption of fuel consumed. The paper discusses these scenarios and describes some innovative technologies for both cases. Energy production from biomass is encouraged in some European countries by the granting of generous economic subsidies so that renewable energy plants, such as anaerobic digestion plants that produce biogas for use in internal combustion engines, in particular, are receiving much funding. An alternative technology for biogas valorisation could be that of biomethane (so called green gas) production through biogas purification and upgrading processes to remove CO2, H2S and water vapour. Different technologies have been proposed to remove CO2 from gas streams, such as physical absorption, absorption by chemical solvents, cryogenic and membrane separation and CO2 fixation by chemical or biological methods. Production of biomethane and its introduction into the natural gas grid or its use as a fuel for vehicles could increase the energy efficiency and reduce specific emissions (combined cycle gas turbines, district heating of CHP units, methane powered vehicles). A simple and low-cost method of improving energy efficiency and environmental safety of transport by introducing into hydrocarbon fuels micro doses of a universal multifunctional additive is proposed. The method will make a significant contribution towards solving the problems of adapting to global climate change and improving the environment. It is capable of reducing specific fuel consumption by up to 12% and the requirements for a gasoline octane number by 10 points. It significantly reduces emission levels of greenhouse gases and toxic substances and provides complex improvement of the properties of fuels and the condition of engines. © 2017 WIT Press. In order to evaluate the pollutant dispersion a Gaussian model was used. The meteorological data was supplied by the Piedmont Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection (ARPA). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: