Cellulose Derived Graphenic Fibers for Capacitive Desalination of Brackish Water
| Autor: | Anupama Prabhath, Muthu Manikandan, V. Kalyan Raman, Soujit Sen Gupta, Thalappil Pradeep, Jakka Ravindran Swathy, N. Pugazhenthiran |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Cyclic voltammetry
Capacitive deionization Spectroscopic studies Biofouling X ray photoelectron spectroscopy Analytical chemistry Nanofibers Water conservation Electrochemistry Spectroscopic analysis Chloride Carbon fibers Electrical conductivity General Materials Science Chemical analysis Graphite Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reinforcement Electrode Porosity medicine.drug Chemical compositions Materials science Desalination Cost effectiveness Water Purification Adsorption Chlorides Carbon Fiber medicine Cellulose Electrodes Saline Waters Ions Bacteria Pseudomonas putida Sodium Electric Conductivity Adsorption capacities Nitrogen removal Carbon Biofilms Graphene |
| Zdroj: | ACS applied materialsinterfaces. 7(36) |
| ISSN: | 1944-8252 |
| Popis: | We describe a simple and inexpensive cellulose-derived and layer-by-layer stacked carbon fiber network electrode for capacitive deionization (CDI) of brackish water. The microstructure and chemical composition were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques electrochemical/electrical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and 4-probe electrical conductivity and surface area by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, respectively. The desalination performance was investigated using a laboratory batch model CDI unit, under fixed applied voltage and varying salt concentrations. Electro-adsorption of NaCl on the graphite reinforced-cellulose (GrC) electrode reached equilibrium quickly (within 90 min) and the adsorbed salts were released swiftly (in 40 min) back into the solution, during reversal of applied potential. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies clearly illustrate that sodium and chloride ions were physisorbed on the negative and positive electrodes, respectively during electro-adsorption. This GrC electrode showed an electro-adsorption capacity of 13.1 mg/g of the electrode at a cell potential of 1.2 V, with excellent recyclability and complete regeneration. The electrode has a high tendency for removal of specific anions, such as fluoride, nitrate, chloride, and sulfate from water in the following order: Cl- > NO3- > F- > SO42-. GrC electrodes also showed resistance to biofouling with negligible biofilm formation even after 5 days of incubation in Pseudomonas putida bacterial culture. Our unique cost-effective methodology of layer-by-layer stacking of carbon nanofibers and concurrent reinforcement using graphite provides uniform conductivity throughout the electrode with fast electro-adsorption, rapid desorption, and extended reuse, making the electrode affordable for capacitive desalination of brackish water. � 2015 American Chemical Society. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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