The environmental occurrence of hexabromocyclododecane in Sweden
| Autor: | Lennart Kaj, Mikael Remberger, Anna Palm, Katarina Strömberg, John Sternbeck, Eva Brorström-Lundén |
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| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Air pollution medicine.disease_cause chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Animals Environmental Chemistry Cities Water pollution Flame Retardants Sweden Hexabromocyclododecane Persistent organic pollutant Geography Fishes Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine General Chemistry Pollution Soil contamination Hydrocarbons Brominated Deposition (aerosol physics) chemistry Bioaccumulation Environmental chemistry Brominated flame retardant Environmental science Environmental Pollution Food Analysis |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 54:9-21 |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00758-6 |
| Popis: | The brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is extensively used in Europe, but data on the environmental concentrations of this chemical are scarce. A first screening has been performed concerning the environmental occurrence of HBCD in Sweden, a country where the chemical is not produced and the current industrial use is very limited. Possible emission sources were identified through a systematic analysis of the use in a life cycle perspective. In addition to a few point sources, diffuse emissions from polymeric products are possible. Measurements have been performed close to certain possible point sources, in the urban environment and in remote regions, and included air, deposition, water, soil, sediments, sludge, biota and foodstuffs. HBCD was detected in all media analysed and in all environments. The relatively high concentrations detected in herring and foodstuffs provide evidence for bioaccumulation of HBCD. The presence of HBCD in remote background air implies that HBCD has potential for long-range atmospheric transport. There are also some indications that diffuse emissions of HBCD occur in the urban environment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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