The Linkage of Urban and Energy Planning for Sustainable Cities: The Case of Denmark and Germany

Autor: Jens-Phillip Petersen
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1123857
Popis: The reduction of GHG emissions in buildings is a focus area of national energy policies in Europe, because buildings are responsible for a major share of the final energy consumption. It is at local scale where policies to increase the share of renewable energies and energy efficiency measures get implemented. Municipalities, as local authorities and responsible entity for land-use planning, have a direct influence on urban patterns and energy use, which makes them key actors in the transition towards sustainable cities. Hence, synchronizing urban planning with energy planning offers great potential to increase society's energy-efficiency; this has a high significance to reach GHG-reduction targets. In this paper, the actual linkage of urban planning and energy planning in Denmark and Germany was assessed; substantive barriers preventing their integration and driving factors that lead to successful transitions towards a holistic urban energy planning procedures were identified.
{"references":["Kamal-Chaoui, L. and Robert, A. (eds.) (2009): Competitive Cities and Climate Change. In OECD Regional Development Working Papers N° 2. OECD publishing, Paris.","Erhorn-Kluttig, H. (2011): Energetische Quartiersplanung. Methoden - Technologien - Praxisbeispiele. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, Stuttgart.","Petersen, J-P (2015): Energy concepts for self-supplying communities based on renewable energy sources: A case study from northern Germany. Manuscript submitted for publication.","Dobbelsteen, A.; Tillie, N. (2011): Energetic Urban Planning - A novel approach to carbon-neutral cities. In Proceedings SB11; VTT, Helsinki.","Broersma, S.; Fremouw, M.; Dobbelsteen, A. (2013): Energy Potential Mapping: Visualising Energy Characteristics for the Exergetic Optimisation of the Built Environment. In Entropy 15 (2), pp. 490–506. DOI: 10.3390/e15020490.","Forschungszentrum Jülich (2013): Case Studies and Guidelines for Energy Efficient Communities. A Guidebook on Successful Urban Energy Planning. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, Stuttgart.","Hegger, M; Dettmar, J.; Martin, A.; et al. (2012): Abschlussbericht UrbanReNet Phase I, Quartierstypologien. TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt.","Rasmussen, A.F. (2006): Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen's Opening Address to the Folketing (The Danish Parliament) on Tuesday 3 October 2006, available online: http://www.stm.dk/_p_12770.html (accessed 08-10-2015).","The Danish Climate Policy Plan - Towards a low carbon society. (2013). Copenhagen: The Danish Government.\n[10]\tLund, H. (2010): Renewable Energy Systems. The Choice and Modelling 100% Renewable Energy Solutions. In Academic Press (Elsevier), Burlington, San Diego, London.\n[11]\tDanish Energy Agency (2010): Overview map of the Danish power infrastructure in 1985 and 2009, available online: http://www.ens.dk/en/info/facts-figures/energy-info-maps/download-premade-maps (accessed 08-10-2015)\n[12]\tDanish Energy Agency (2015a): Basic facts on Heat Supply in Denmark, available online: http://www.ens.dk/en/supply/heat-supply-denmark/basic-facts-heat-supply-denmark (accessed 08-10-2015).\n[13]\tDanish Energy Agency (2015b): Danske nøgletal, available online: http://www.ens.dk/info/tal-kort/statistik-nogletal/nogletal/danske-nogletal (accessed 08-10-2015).\n[14]\tGalland, D. (2014): The conversion of spatial Planning in Denmark: changes in National and regional Planning Policies and governance structures. In Treballs de la SCG, 78, 2014, pp. 143-162.\n[15]\tAndersen, H.T. (2008). The emerging Danish government reform – centralised decentralisation. In Urban Research & Practice, vol. 1, #1, p. 3-17.\n[16]\tConsititutional Act of Denmark, 5 June 1953.\n[17]\tPost, Arne (2009): Byplanhåndbogen. Dansk Byplanlaboratorium, Copenhagen.\n[18]\tDanish Planning Act (2009): Bekendtgørelse af lov om planlægning. Version LOV nr 358 af 09/04/2013. Ministry of the Environment and Food, Copenhagen.\n[19]\tSperling, K.; Hvelplund, F.; Mathiesen, B. V. (2011): Centralisation and decentralisation in strategic municipal energy planning in Denmark. In Energy Policy 39 (3), pp. 1338–1351. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.006.\n[20]\tTechnology and Environment Administration of Copenhagen (2015): organisationsdiagram fo teknik- og miljøforvaltningen, available online: http://www.kk.dk/sites/default/files/BYENS_TMF_ALLE_KONTAKTINFO_010615.pdf (accessed 8/31/2015).\n[21]\tOlesen, J.Y.; Hansen, L.. J. (2015): Slutrapport midt energistrategi. Strategisk energiplanlægning på tværs af kommuner og aktører i Region Midtjylland. PlanEnergi, Skørping. \n[22]\tFederal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) (2014): National climate policy. Available online at www.bmub.bund.de/P215-1/ (accessed 08-10-2015).\n[23]\tArbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen e.V. (21-12-2015): Energieverbrauch steigt 2015 leicht an. Erneuerbare legen zu / Plus durch Witterung, Konjunktur und Zuwanderung. Berlin. Available online at http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/index.php?article_id=29&fileNam e=ageb_pressedienst_06_2015.pdf (accessed 21-12-2015).\n[24]\tAG Energiebilanzen e.V. (12-11-2015): Bruttostromerzeugung in Deutschland ab 1990 nach Energieträgern. Available online at http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/index.php?article_id=29&fileName= 20151211_brd_stromerzeugung1990-2015.pdf (accessed 21-12-2015).\n[25]\tFederal Environment Agency (19-2-2015): Endenergieverbrauch der Haushalte nach Energieträgern. Available online at http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/private-haushalte-konsum/energieverbrauch-der-privaten-haushalte (accessed 21-12-2015).\n[26]\tBasic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany in the revised version published in the Federal Law Gazette Part III, classification number 100-1, as last amended by the Act of 11 July 2012 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 1478).\n[27]\tFederal Building Code of Germany in the version amended by the Act to Amend the Federal Building Code and to Reorder Spatial Planning Law (BauROG), issued on August 18th 1997 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 2081).\n[28]\tPetersen, J-P. (2013): The Urban Neighbourhood Energy Concept as a Building Block for Urban Sustainability, exemplified with the Case of Krückau-Vormstegen, Elmshorn, Schleswig-Holstein. HafenCity University, Hamburg.\n[29]\tFederal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) (2015): EKI Energie- und Klimaschutzinitiative Schleswig Holstein. Available online at https://www.klimaschutz.de/de/zielgruppen/kommunen/foerderung/eki-energie-und-klimaschutzinitiative-schleswig-holstein (accessed 21-12-2015).\n[30]\tJungjohann, A.; Spörle, N. (2015): Sticks and Carrots: Germany's Approach to Renewable Heating, June 2015. Available online at http://arnejungjohann.de/wp-content/uploads/Sticks-and-Carrots_FINAL.pdf (accessed 21-12-2015)."]}
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: