Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020

Autor: Balram Bhargava, Priya Abraham, Neeraj Aggarwal, GiridharaR Babu, Suganya Barani, Tarun Bhatnagar, AjaySingh Dhama, RamanR Gangakhedkar, Sidhartha Giri, Nivedita Gupta, KarishmaK Kurup, Ponnaiah Manickam, Manoj Murhekar, Varsha Potdar, Ira Praharaj, Kiran Rade, D.C.S Reddy, V Saravanakumar, Naman Shah, Harpreet Singh, JeromieWesley Vivian Thangaraj, Naveen Yadav
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Time Factors
positivity
Attack rate
Geographic Mapping
lcsh:Medicine
contact testing
COVID-19 Testing
0302 clinical medicine
Health care
030212 general & internal medicine
Transmission risks and rates
Child
Asymptomatic Infections
Aged
80 and over
Age Factors
General Medicine
Middle Aged
Descriptive epidemiology
Specimen collection
Child
Preschool
Population Surveillance
Original Article
medicine.symptom
Coronavirus Infections
descriptive epidemiology
attack rate - contact testing - descriptive epidemiology - epidemic curve - positivity - sars-cov-2 - testing rate
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Pneumonia
Viral
030106 microbiology
India
Asymptomatic
General Biochemistry
Genetics and Molecular Biology
Betacoronavirus
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
Sex Factors
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
medicine
Humans
Pandemics
Aged
SARS-CoV-2
Clinical Laboratory Techniques
business.industry
Public health
lcsh:R
Infant
Newborn
COVID-19
Infant
Outbreak
testing rate
Laboratories
business
epidemic curve
Demography
Zdroj: Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 151, Iss 5, Pp 424-437 (2020)
The Indian Journal of Medical Research
ISSN: 0971-5916
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1896_20
Popis: Background & objectives: India has been reporting the cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since January 30, 2020. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) formulated and established laboratory surveillance for COVID-19. In this study, an analysis of the surveillance data was done to describe the testing performance and descriptive epidemiology of COVID-19 cases by time, place and person. Methods: The data were extracted from January 22 to April 30, 2020. The frequencies of testing performance were described over time and by place. We described cases by time (epidemic curve by date of specimen collection; seven-day moving average), place (area map) and person (attack rate by age, sex and contact status), and trends were represented along with public health measures and events. Results: Between January 22 and April 30, 2020, a total of 1,021,518 individuals were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Testing increased from about 250 individuals per day in the beginning of March to 50,000 specimens per day by the end of April 2020. Overall, 40,184 (3.9%) tests were reported positive. The proportion of positive cases was highest among symptomatic and asymptomatic contacts, 2-3-fold higher than among those with severe acute respiratory infection, or those with an international travel history or healthcare workers. The attack rate (per million) by age was highest among those aged 50-69 yr (63.3) and was lowest among those under 10 yr (6.1). The attack rate was higher among males (41.6) than females (24.3). The secondary attack rate was 6.0 per cent. Overall, 99.0 per cent of 736 districts reported testing and 71.1 per cent reported COVID-19 cases. Interpretation & conclusions: The coverage and frequency of ICMR's laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 improved over time. COVID-19 was reported from most parts of India, and the attack rate was more among men and the elderly and common among close contacts. Analysis of the data indicates that for further insight, additional surveillance tools and strategies at the national and sub-national levels are needed.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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