The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives and the proinflammatory potential of fractionated extracts of diesel exhaust and wood smoke particles
| Autor: | Per E. Schwarze, Edel Lilleaas, Annike I. Totlandsdal, Anette Kocbach Bølling, Marit Låg, Alena Kubátová, Johan Øvrevik, Richard E. Cochran, Jørn A. Holme, Jan-Inge Herseth |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
VDP::Toksikologi: 730
Environmental Engineering Diesel exhaust Bronchi Fraction (chemistry) Chemical Fractionation Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Cell Line Proinflammatory cytokine chemistry.chemical_compound PAHs Smoke Toxicity Tests polycyclic compounds Humans Solid phase extraction Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Cytotoxicity Vehicle Emissions Inflammation PAHs derivatives Dose-Response Relationship Drug Interleukin-6 Medisinske fag: 700::Basale medisinske odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Toksikologi: 730 [VDP] Interleukin-8 Solid Phase Extraction Midical sciences: 700::Basic medical dental and veterinary sciences: 710::Toxicology: 730 [VDP] Epithelial Cells General Medicine Wood Carbon Dose–response relationship chemistry Environmental chemistry Combustion particles Cytokines Particulate Matter Methanol Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry VDP::Toxicology: 730 |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering |
| Popis: | Exposure to combustion emissions, including diesel engine exhaust and wood smoke particles (DEPs and WSPs), has been associated with inflammatory responses. To investigate the possible role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH-derivatives, the DEPs and WSPs methanol extracts were fractionated by solid phase extraction (SPE), and the fractions were analyzed for more than ∼120 compounds. The pro-inflammatory effects of the fractionated extracts were characterized by exposure of bronchial epithelial lung cells (BEAS-2B). Both native DEPs and WSPs caused a concentration-dependent increase in IL-6 and IL-8 release and cytotoxicity. This is consistent with the finding of a rather similar total content of PAHs and PAH-derivatives. Yet, the samples differed in specific components, suggesting that different species contribute to the toxicological response in these two types of particles. The majority of the IL-6 release and cytotoxicity was induced upon exposure to the most polar (methanol) SPE fraction of extracts from both samples. In these fractions hydroxy-PAHs, carboxy-PAHs were observed along with nitro-amino-PAHs in DEP. However, the biological effects induced by the polar fractions could not be attributed only to the occurrence of PAH-derivatives. The present findings indicate a need for further characterization of organic extracts, beyond an extensive analysis of commonly suspected PAH and PAH-derivatives. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, to view the supplemental file. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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