Spread of an Avian Eye Fluke, Philophthalmus gralli, through Biological Invasion of an Intermediate Host
| Autor: | Sarah Zohdy, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Abigail Morgan, Kayleigh Chalkowski |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Gastropoda
030231 tropical medicine Zoology Introduced species Trematode Infections Global Health Digenea 030308 mycology & parasitology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Philophthalmus gralli Zoonoses Animals Humans Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Echinostomatidae 0303 health sciences biology Bird Diseases Intermediate host biology.organism_classification Melanoides Tarebia granifera Biological dispersal Parasitology Trematoda |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Parasitology. 107 |
| ISSN: | 0022-3395 |
| Popis: | Philophthalmus is a genus of globally distributed parasitic eye flukes with some members of the genus found in disparate locales. In particular, Philophthalmus gralli, a zoonotic trematode, appears to be a relatively new introduction to the Americas, facilitated by spillover from the invasive snails Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) and Tarebia granifera (quilted melania), which were introduced via the aquarium trade, and perhaps furthered by avian dispersal. Given that two known intermediate hosts of Philophthalmus flukes are actively expanding their range as a result of human activities, we hypothesize that this spread is also associated with the spread of Philophthalmus flukes. To address this, we systematically reviewed the literature and examined whether the global expansion of P. gralli flukes is associated with the spread of invasive snails M. tuberculata and T. granifera. Here, we show that (1) specimens of P. gralli are only found in intermediate snail hosts M. tuberculata or T. granifera, suggesting intermediate host specificity for these 2 species, and (2) specimens of P. gralli have rarely been found outside the ranges (native and introduced) of M. tuberculata or T. granifera. Given the importance of distribution information of parasites in the role of identifying parasite invasions, we also review the known distribution of all Philophthalmus species. Considering recent outbreaks in humans and wild and domestic animal species, the continued spread of Philophthalmus presents a potential threat to veterinary and public health and conservation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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