Rapid progression is associated with lymphoid follicle dysfunction in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques
| Autor: | Piper J. Wright, D. Noah Sather, Maud Mavigner, Katherine A. Fancher, Bridget S. Fisher, Donald L. Sodora, Jakob Habib, Patience Murapa, Deborah H. Fuller, Ann Chahroudi, Chloe I. Jones, Matthew P. Wood, Adriana Lippy, Brian G. Oliver, Brynn Walund, James T. Fuller |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
RNA viruses
Chemokine B Cells Physiology Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Monkeys 0605 Microbiology 1107 Immunology 1108 Medical Microbiology Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Biochemistry Macaque White Blood Cells 0302 clinical medicine Immunodeficiency Viruses Animal Cells Immune Physiology Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine Cytotoxic T cell Biology (General) Mammals B-Lymphocytes 0303 health sciences Immune System Proteins T Cells Simian immunodeficiency virus Eukaryota Viral Load Body Fluids Blood Phenotype SIV Medical Microbiology Viral Pathogens Vertebrates Viruses Interferon Type I Disease Progression Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogens Cellular Types Anatomy Antibody Viral load Research Article Primates QH301-705.5 Lymphoid Tissue Immune Cells Immunology Biology Microbiology Blood Plasma Antibodies 03 medical and health sciences Immune system Viral envelope Virology biology.animal Old World monkeys Retroviruses Genetics Animals Humans CXCL13 Antibody-Producing Cells Microbial Pathogens Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology Blood Cells Biology and life sciences business.industry Lentivirus Organisms Proteins Genetic Variation Germinal center Cell Biology RC581-607 Memory B cells Germinal Center Macaca mulatta Immunity Humoral Amniotes biology.protein Parasitology Immunologic diseases. Allergy business Zoology Viral Transmission and Infection CD8 030215 immunology |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 5, p e1009575 (2021) PLoS Pathogens |
| ISSN: | 1553-7374 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009575 |
| Popis: | HIV-infected infants are at an increased risk of progressing rapidly to AIDS in the first weeks of life. Here, we evaluated immunological and virological parameters in 25 SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques to understand the factors influencing a rapid disease outcome. Infant macaques were infected with SIVmac251 and monitored for 10 to 17 weeks post-infection. SIV-infected infants were divided into either typical (TypP) or rapid (RP) progressor groups based on levels of plasma anti-SIV antibody and viral load, with RP infants having low SIV-specific antibodies and high viral loads. Following SIV infection, 11 out of 25 infant macaques exhibited an RP phenotype. Interestingly, TypP had lower levels of total CD4 T cells, similar reductions in CD4/CD8 ratios and elevated activation of CD8 T cells, as measured by the levels of HLA-DR, compared to RP. Differences between the two groups were identified in other immune cell populations, including a failure to expand activated memory (CD21-CD27+) B cells in peripheral blood in RP infant macaques, as well as reduced levels of germinal center (GC) B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in spleens (4- and 10-weeks post-SIV). Reduced B cell proliferation in splenic germinal GCs was associated with increased SIV+ cell density and follicular type 1 interferon (IFN)-induced immune activation. Further analyses determined that at 2-weeks post SIV infection TypP infants exhibited elevated levels of the GC-inducing chemokine CXCL13 in plasma, as well as significantly lower levels of viral envelope diversity compared to RP infants. Our findings provide evidence that early viral and immunologic events following SIV infection contributes to impairment of B cells, Tfh cells and germinal center formation, ultimately impeding the development of SIV-specific antibody responses in rapidly progressing infant macaques. Author summary Despite significant reductions in vertical HIV transmission, nearly 100,000 children succumb to AIDS-related illnesses each year. Indeed, infants face a disproportionately higher risk of progressing to AIDS, with roughly half of HIV+ infants exhibiting a rapid progression to AIDS-associated morbidity and mortality. Here, we evaluated immunological and virological parameters in 25 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected infant rhesus macaques to assess the factors that influence a rapid disease outcome. Infant macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and divided into either typical (TypP) or rapid (RP) progressor groups. RP infants exhibited low levels of plasma anti-SIV antibody and high viral loads. Following SIV infection, 11 out of 25 infant macaques exhibited an RP phenotype with some exhibiting AIDS-related symptoms. This study provides evidence that the low levels of anti-SIV antibodies are associated with impairments to both B and T cells in both blood and lymphoid tissues. These changes are associated with the prolonged expression of type 1 interferons which may be impeding development of a healthy humoral immune response in these rapidly progressing SIV-infected infant macaques. These findings have implications regarding potential therapeutic approaches to prevent rapid progression in HIV infected infants. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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