Silver Ions as a Tool for Understanding Different Aspects of Copper Metabolism
| Autor: | Ekaterina Y. Ilyechova, Massimo Broggini, Elena V. Polishchuk, Ludmila V. Puchkova, Roman S. Polishchuk |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
silver nanoparticles Silver Metal Nanoparticles Nanoparticle chemistry.chemical_element lcsh:TX341-641 Review Cofactor Silver nanoparticle Ion 03 medical and health sciences Oxidation state Humans Ions copper/silver transport Nutrition and Dietetics 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology biology Biological Transport Metabolism copper metabolic system Combinatorial chemistry Copper Transport protein 030104 developmental biology chemistry biology.protein lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Nutrients Nutrients, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 1364 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nu11061364 |
| Popis: | In humans, copper is an important micronutrient because it is a cofactor of ubiquitous and brain-specific cuproenzymes, as well as a secondary messenger. Failure of the mechanisms supporting copper balance leads to the development of neurodegenerative, oncological, and other severe disorders, whose treatment requires a detailed understanding of copper metabolism. In the body, bioavailable copper exists in two stable oxidation states, Cu(I) and Cu(II), both of which are highly toxic. The toxicity of copper ions is usually overcome by coordinating them with a wide range of ligands. These include the active cuproenzyme centers, copper-binding protein motifs to ensure the safe delivery of copper to its physiological location, and participants in the Cu(I) ↔ Cu(II) redox cycle, in which cellular copper is stored. The use of modern experimental approaches has allowed the overall picture of copper turnover in the cells and the organism to be clarified. However, many aspects of this process remain poorly understood. Some of them can be found out using abiogenic silver ions (Ag(I)), which are isoelectronic to Cu(I). This review covers the physicochemical principles of the ability of Ag(I) to substitute for copper ions in transport proteins and cuproenzyme active sites, the effectiveness of using Ag(I) to study copper routes in the cells and the body, and the limitations associated with Ag(I) remaining stable in only one oxidation state. The use of Ag(I) to restrict copper transport to tumors and the consequences of large-scale use of silver nanoparticles for human health are also discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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