Oxidative stress as a potential mechanism by which guanylurea disrupts the embryogenesis of Danio rerio
| Autor: | Marcela Galar-Martínez, María Dolores Hernández-Navarro, Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván, Hariz Islas-Flores, Sandra García-Medina |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
animal structures
Environmental Engineering Embryo Nonmammalian Danio Developmental toxicity Embryonic Development medicine.disease_cause Lipid peroxidation Superoxide dismutase chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Environmental Chemistry Animals Urea Waste Management and Disposal Zebrafish Guanidine chemistry.chemical_classification biology Glutathione peroxidase biology.organism_classification Pollution Cell biology Oxidative Stress chemistry Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Catalase embryonic structures biology.protein Oxidative stress Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. 799 |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Metformin is one the most prescribed drug to treat type 2 diabetes. In wastewater treatment plants, this drug is bacterially transformed to guanylurea, which occurs at higher concentrations in the aquatic environments than its parent compound. Since there is a huge knowledge gap about the toxicity of this metabolite on aquatic organisms, we aimed to investigate the impact of guanylurea on the embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this effect, zebrafish embryos (4 h post fertilization) were exposed to 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 25,000, 50,000, 75,000 μg/L guanylurea until 96 h post fertilization. Guanylurea led to a significant delay in the hatching process in all exposure groups. Furthermore, this transformation product affected the embryonic development of fish, inducing severe body alterations and consequently leading to their death. The most pronounced malformations were malformation of tail, scoliosis, pericardial edema, yolk deformation and craniofacial malformation. Concerning oxidative stress response, we demonstrated that guanylurea induced the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in zebrafish embryos. In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl and hydroperoxide content were also increased in the embryos exposed to this transformation product. However, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis carried out in this study demonstrated that oxidative damage biomarkers got more influence over the embryos than antioxidant enzymes. Thus, we can conclude that guanylurea induces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos, and that this transformation product impair the normal development of this freshwater organism. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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