The Hidden Dimension: Context-Dependent Expression of Repeatable Behavior in Copepods
| Autor: | Josefin Titelman, Tom Andersen, Torben Lode, Jan Heuschele |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Aquatic Organisms Time Factors Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Population Zoology Context (language use) 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Models Biological Copepoda 03 medical and health sciences Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Animals education Predator 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Analysis of Variance biology Behavior Animal Stressor Fishes Reproducibility of Results Aquatic animal Marine invertebrates biology.organism_classification Copepod Copper Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Environmental toxicology and chemistryREFERENCES. 39(5) |
| ISSN: | 1552-8618 0730-7268 |
| Popis: | In ecotoxicology and aquatic ecology, we often ignore responses of individuals and focus on average responses. However, both terrestrial and aquatic animals display consistent behavioral differences between individuals. The distribution of behavioral differences within a population contains vital information for predicting population responses to novel environmental challenges. Currently, individual data for behavioral and physiological traits of small marine invertebrates are few, partly because such variation is lost within published group means and assumed normality. We tested the combined effects of an inorganic contaminant (copper) and a biological stressor (i.e., chemical cues of a fish predator) on activity in a marine copepod. Although direct stress effects were weak, individuals behaved consistently differently, depending on the context. Individual differences in behavior were only expressed under the influence of kairomones, but not by copper exposure alone. This finding indicates that copepods express repeatable and context-dependent behavior. We also demonstrate how large variations in behavioral data can hide consistent differences between individuals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1017-1026. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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