Chlamydia trachomatis: Cell biology, immunology and vaccination

Autor: Paul F. McKay, Sam M. Murray
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Chlamydia trachomatis
Disease
Research & Experimental Medicine
T-CELL
medicine.disease_cause
0302 clinical medicine
IMMUNODOMINANT ANTIGENS
030212 general & internal medicine
11 Medical and Health Sciences
Chlamydia
Transmission (medicine)
Vaccination
PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY
Bacterial vaccine
Infectious Diseases
Medicine
Research & Experimental
UPPER GENITAL-TRACT
Bacterial Vaccines
Molecular Medicine
Sexually transmitted
Infection
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
ORAL IMMUNIZATION
INDUCIBLE NO SYNTHASE
Immunology
030231 tropical medicine
03 medical and health sciences
Immunity
07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Virology
medicine
Animals
Humans
MAJOR OUTER-MEMBRANE
Science & Technology
Bacterial disease
Bacteria
INTERFERON-GAMMA
General Veterinary
General Immunology and Microbiology
business.industry
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
06 Biological Sciences
Chlamydia Infections
medicine.disease
PROMOTED NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES
business
Vaccine
DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE
Zdroj: Vaccine. 39:2965-2975
ISSN: 0264-410X
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.043
Popis: Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of a highly prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial disease and is associated with a number of severe disease complications. Current therapy options are successful at treating disease, but patients are left without protective immunity and do not benefit the majority asymptomatic patients who do not seek treatment. As such, there is a clear need for a broad acting, protective vaccine that can prevent transmission and protect against symptomatic disease presentation. There are three key elements that underlie successful vaccine development: 1) Chlamydia biology and immune-evasion adaptations, 2) the correlates of protection that prevent disease in natural and experimental infection, 3) reflection upon the evidence provided by previous vaccine attempts. In this review, we give an overview of the unique intra-cellular biology of C. trachomatis and give insight into the dynamic combination of adaptations that allow Chlamydia to subvert host immunity and survive within the cell. We explore the current understanding of chlamydial immunity in animal models and in humans and characterise the key immune correlates of protection against infection. We discuss in detail the specific immune interactions involved in protection, with relevance placed on the CD4+ T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte responses that are key to pathogen clearance. Finally, we provide a timeline of C. trachomatis vaccine research to date and evaluate the successes and failures in development so far. With insight from these three key elements of research, we suggest potential solutions for chlamydial vaccine development and promising avenues for further exploration.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: