Thermal Transformation of Palm Waste to High-Quality Hydrocarbon Fuel
Autor: | Joel Strothers, Chai Yu Kuan, Lawrence M. Pratt, Yoke-Leng Sim, Yu-Bin Chan, Mark Low Yoong Neng |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Biodiesel Kerosene Chemistry 020209 energy 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Pulp and paper industry 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Diesel fuel Hydrocarbon Biofuel Grease 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering palm oil waste Sewage treatment thermal transformation Fatty acid methyl ester hydrocarbon fuel 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
Zdroj: | Fuels Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 2-14 |
ISSN: | 2673-3994 |
DOI: | 10.3390/fuels1010002 |
Popis: | Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are waste products in the palm oil industry. Upon pressing of EFB, a liquor is produced which contains low grade fats, oils, and greases (FOG). These are the least valuable products of palm oil production, and are often discarded as waste. It is shown here that the EFB pressed liquor can be thermally transformed at or below 350 ° C to produce a series of hydrocarbons in the range of kerosene and diesel fuel. This is distinctly different from other studies of biofuels from palm oil, which were based entirely on biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)) and biogas production. Furthermore, this transformation takes place without addition of an external catalyst, as was shown by comparison to reactions with the potential Lewis acid catalysts, ferric sulfate, and molecular sieves. The product distribution is similar to that obtained from brown grease, another waste FOG stream obtained from the sewage treatment industry, although the products from palm oil waste are less sensitive to reaction conditions. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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