The Po River Delta (north Italy) indoor epidemiological study: effects of pollutant exposure on acute respiratory symptoms and respiratory function in adults
Autor: | Antonio Scognamiglio, Laura Carrozzi, Giovanni Viegi, Sapigni T, Sandra Baldacci, Francesco di Pede, M. Simoni |
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Rok vydání: | 2002 |
Předmět: |
Male
Passive smoking Time Factors Respiratory Tract Diseases Acute respiratory symptoms Peak Expiratory Flow Rate medicine.disease_cause chemistry.chemical_compound Residence Characteristics Respiratory function Respiratory system Indoor pollution General Environmental Science Inhalation Exposure River delta geography.geographical_feature_category Respiratory disease Nitrogen dioxide Particulate matter Peak expiratory flow Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Aged Air Pollution Indoor Chronic Disease Cross-Sectional Studies Environmental Monitoring Epidemiological Monitoring Female Humans Italy Middle Aged Nitrogen Dioxide Oxidants Photochemical Seasons Tobacco Smoke Pollution Urban Health Particulates Oxidants Animal science Air Pollution medicine Environmental Chemistry Indoor geography business.industry Photochemical Diurnal temperature variation Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health medicine.disease chemistry business |
Zdroj: | Archives of environmental health. 57(2) |
ISSN: | 0003-9896 |
Popis: | The authors studied the effects of relatively low doses of nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter (i.e.,2.5 mu) on acute respiratory symptoms and on peak expiratory flow in 383 adults (15-72 yr of age) who lived in the Po River Delta area, located near Venice. During 2 wk-1 wk in winter and 1 wk in summer--the authors monitored each participant's house to measure nitrogen dioxide (in parts per billion) and respirable suspended particulate (microgram/m3) concentration. Information on sex, age, height, weight, daily activity patterns, active and passive smoking, chronic respiratory diseases, daily peak expiratory flow, and presence of acute respiratory symptoms during the weeks monitoring occurred were also collected. Peak expiratory flow variation was studied as mean amplitude percentage (i.e., amplitude/mean) and percentage of diurnal variation (maximum/minimum). The exposure indices to nitrogen dioxide (nitrogen dioxide--index of exposure) and to respirable suspended particulate matter (respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure) were computed as the product of pollutant concentration and time of exposure. The authors considered indices as "low" or "high" on the basis of the median value. The median nitrogen dioxide was 20 ppb in winter and 14 ppb in summer; the highest nitrogen dioxide levels occurred in the kitchen in the winter (33 ppb) and summer (20 ppb). The median respirable suspended particulate matter was 68 micrograms/m3 in winter and 45 micrograms/m3 in summer. Only in winter were there significant associations between bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms and "high" nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter indices. In subjects who did not smoke, a significant influence of the "high" respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was also observed in summer. With respect to peak expiratory flow and its variability, respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was associated with an increase of both amplitude/mean and maximum/mean; however, with respect to the nitrogen dioxide--index of exposure, the association was significant only in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma and bronchitis). These relationships were significant only in winter. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that there is an association between relatively low doses of pollutants and acute respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in adults. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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