Dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit in Ischemic Stroke: Highlights on microRNAs and Exosomes as Potential Biomarkers and Therapy

Autor: Timea Forró, Zoltan Bajko, Rodica Bălașa, Adrian Bălașa
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5621, p 5621 (2021)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115621
Popis: Ischemic stroke is a damaging cerebral vascular disease associated with high disability and mortality rates worldwide. In spite of the continuous development of new diagnostic and prognostic methods, early detection and outcome prediction are often very difficult. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multicellular entity linking the interactions between neurons, glial cells, and brain vessels. Novel research has revealed that exosome-mediated transfer of microRNAs plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication and, thus, is integral in the multicellular crosstalk within the NVU. After a stroke, NVU homeostasis is altered, which induces the release of several potential biomarkers into the blood vessels. The addition of biological data representing all constituents of the NVU to clinical and neuroradiological findings can significantly advance stroke evaluation and prognosis. In this review, we present the current literature regarding the possible beneficial roles of exosomes derived from the components of the NVU and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical studies of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the most relevant clinical trials on the diagnostic and prognostic roles of exosomes in stroke patients.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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