A Cohort Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Autor: Malcolm R. Sears, M. Altaf Arain, Michael Jerrett, Murray M. Finkelstein, Dave K. Verma, Nicolas L. Gilbert, Kenneth R. Chapman, Norm Finkelstein, Jeffrey R. Brook, Palvos Kanaroglou, Dave Stieb
Rok vydání: 2009
Předmět:
Male
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Respiratory Tract Diseases
air pollution
Air pollution
010501 environmental sciences
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
Cardiovascular System
Medical and Health Sciences
01 natural sciences
Cohort Studies
2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment
Aetiology
Lung
Lung function
Vehicle Emissions
Ontario
Air Pollutants
Smoking
Toronto
Environmental exposure
Middle Aged
GIS
3. Good health
Geography
Respiratory
Female
Cohort study
nitrogen dioxide
Ozone
Air pollutants
Clinical Research
Environmental health
medicine
Humans
Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions
Air quality index
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Research
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Environmental Exposure
mortality
traffic air pollution
Good Health and Well Being
13. Climate action
Particulate Matter
Environmental Sciences
Ontario canada
Zdroj: Environmental health perspectives, vol 117, iss 5
Environmental Health Perspectives
ISSN: 1552-9924
0091-6765
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11533
Popis: BackgroundChronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to premature mortality, but few studies to date have addressed this topic.ObjectivesIn this study we assessed the association between TRAP and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe collected nitrogen dioxide samples over two seasons using duplicate two-sided Ogawa passive diffusion samplers at 143 locations across Toronto. We calibrated land use regressions to predict NO2 exposure on a fine scale within Toronto. We used interpolations to predict levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) and ozone levels. We assigned predicted pollution exposures to 2,360 subjects from a respiratory clinic, and abstracted health data on these subjects from medical billings, lung function tests, and diagnoses by pulmonologists. We tracked mortality between 1992 and 2002. We used standard and multilevel Cox proportional hazard models to test associations between air pollution and mortality.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, lung function, obesity, smoking, and neighborhood deprivation, we observed a 17% increase in all-cause mortality and a 40% increase in circulatory mortality from an exposure contrast across the interquartile range of 4 ppb NO2. We observed no significant associations with other pollutants.ConclusionsExposure to TRAP was significantly associated with increased all-cause and circulatory mortality in this cohort. A high prevalence of cardiopulmonary disease in the cohort probably limits inference of the findings to populations with a substantial proportion of susceptible individuals.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: