Ultradeep microbial communities at 4.4 km within crystalline bedrock:Implications for habitability in a planetary context
| Autor: | Maija Nuppunen-Puputti, Lotta Purkamo, Claire R. Cousins, Riikka Kietäväinen, Malin Bomberg |
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| Přispěvatelé: | The Royal Society of Edinburgh, University of St Andrews. Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science, Department of Food and Nutrition |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
DIVERSITY microbial ecology deep subsurface Microbial ecology SUBSURFACE QE low biomass lcsh:Science Phylotype Low biomass geography.geographical_feature_category Environmental microbiology Ecology Extraterrestrial habitat analog Biosphere QR Microbiology Deep biosphere BACTERIA environmental microbiology GEN. NOV microbial community METHANOGENIC COMMUNITIES 1171 Geosciences DEEP 030106 microbiology Context (language use) General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Article 03 medical and health sciences Microbial community deep biosphere GALE CRATER Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Bedrock geography Deep subsurface Phylum Paleontology DAS AQUIFERS 15. Life on land extraterrestrial habitat analog QR LIFE QE Geology 030104 developmental biology 416 Food Science Microbial population biology MASS-SPECTROMETER Space and Planetary Science Metagenomics Environmental science lcsh:Q bedrock |
| Zdroj: | Purkamo, L, Kietäväinen, R, Nuppunen-Puputti, M, Bomberg, M & Cousins, C 2020, ' Ultradeep microbial communities at 4.4 km within crystalline bedrock : Implications for habitability in a planetary context ', Life, vol. 10, no. 1, 2 . https://doi.org/10.3390/life10010002 Life Volume 10 Issue 1 Life, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 2 (2020) |
| Popis: | The deep bedrock surroundings are an analog for extraterrestrial habitats for life. In this study, we investigated microbial life within anoxic ultradeep boreholes in Precambrian bedrock, including the adaptation to environmental conditions and lifestyle of these organisms. Samples were collected from Pyhä salmi mine environment in central Finland and from geothermal drilling wells in Otaniemi, Espoo, in southern Finland. Microbial communities inhabiting the up to 4.4 km deep bedrock were characterized with phylogenetic marker gene (16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS region) amplicon and DNA and cDNA metagenomic sequencing. Functional marker genes (dsrB, mcrA, narG) were quantified with qPCR. Results showed that although crystalline bedrock provides very limited substrates for life, the microbial communities are diverse. Gammaproteobacterial phylotypes were most dominant in both studied sites. Alkanindiges -affiliating OTU was dominating in Pyhä salmi fluids, while different depths of Otaniemi samples were dominated by Pseudomonas. One of the most common OTUs detected from Otaniemi could only be classified to phylum level, highlighting the uncharacterized nature of the deep biosphere in bedrock. Chemoheterotrophy, fermentation and nitrogen cycling are potentially significant metabolisms in these ultradeep environments. To conclude, this study provides information on microbial ecology of low biomass, carbon-depleted and energy-deprived deep subsurface environment. This information is useful in the prospect of finding life in other planetary bodies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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