Underwater Electromagnetic Sensor Networks, Part II: Localization and Network Simulations
| Autor: | Javier Zazo, Sergio Valcarcel Macua, Santiago Zazo, Eduardo Quevedo, Marina Pérez, José Joaquín Hernández Brito, I. Perez-Alvarez, Laura Cardona, Eugenio Jimenez |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Routing protocol
radio-frequency Castalia Computer science Real-time computing Clock drift underwater communications ad hoc networks localization 02 engineering and technology Communications system lcsh:Chemical technology 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Article Analytical Chemistry Packet loss 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Network performance lcsh:TP1-1185 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Instrumentation Simulation Node (networking) 010401 analytical chemistry Bandwidth (signal processing) 020206 networking & telecommunications Transmitter power output Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics 0104 chemical sciences Wireless sensor network Communication channel |
| Zdroj: | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 2176 (2016) Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 12; Pages: 2176 |
| ISSN: | 1424-8220 |
| Popis: | In the first part of the paper, we modeled and characterized the underwater radio channel in shallow waters. In the second part, we analyze the application requirements for an underwater wireless sensor network (U-WSN) operating in the same environment and perform detailed simulations. We consider two localization applications, namely self-localization and navigation aid, and propose algorithms that work well under the specific constraints associated with U-WSN, namely low connectivity, low data rates and high packet loss probability. We propose an algorithm where the sensor nodes collaboratively estimate their unknown positions in the network using a low number of anchor nodes and distance measurements from the underwater channel. Once the network has been self-located, we consider a node estimating its position for underwater navigation communicating with neighboring nodes. We also propose a communication system and simulate the whole electromagnetic U-WSN in the Castalia simulator to evaluate the network performance, including propagation impairments (e.g., noise, interference), radio parameters (e.g., modulation scheme, bandwidth, transmit power), hardware limitations (e.g., clock drift, transmission buffer) and complete MAC and routing protocols. We also explain the changes that have to be done to Castalia in order to perform the simulations. In addition, we propose a parametric model of the communication channel that matches well with the results from the first part of this paper. Finally, we provide simulation results for some illustrative scenarios. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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