A population based study comparing changes in rotavirus burden on the Island of Ireland between a highly vaccinated population and an unvaccinated population
| Autor: | Naomh Gallagher, Richard D. Smithson, Mary Dallat, Gillian Armstrong, Adele M. Graham, Paul J. McKeown, Paul Cabrey, Sarah Jackson |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Pediatrics
medicine.medical_specialty Vaccination Coverage 030231 tropical medicine Population medicine.disease_cause Vaccines Attenuated Population control Rotavirus Infections 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cost of Illness Environmental health Rotavirus Medicine Humans Public Health Surveillance 030212 general & internal medicine education Disease burden education.field_of_study General Veterinary General Immunology and Microbiology business.industry Immunization Programs Incidence (epidemiology) Health Policy Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Rotavirus Vaccines Ecological study Infant Rotavirus vaccine Gastroenteritis Vaccination Hospitalization Epidemiologic Studies Infectious Diseases Child Preschool Molecular Medicine business Ireland |
| Zdroj: | Vaccine. 34(39) |
| ISSN: | 1873-2518 |
| Popis: | Background Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants and children globally. Reductions in rotavirus activity have been observed following introduction of rotavirus vaccination programmes, however a reductions have also been reported in some unvaccinated countries. The Island of Ireland incorporates the two jurisdictions Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (IE). Both have similarities in climate, demography, morbidity and mortality but distinct health administrations and vaccination policies. Rotarix was added to the childhood immunisation programme in NI on the 1 July 2013. IE have not introduced routine rotavirus vaccination to date. The aim of this population based ecological study was to evaluate the impact of the rotavirus vaccine on burden of rotavirus disease in NI, and to compare with IE as an unvaccinated control population. This will help determine if the changes seen were due to the rotavirus vaccine, or due to confounding factors. Methods A number of population based measures of disease burden were compared in both jurisdictions pre-vaccine (six years; 2007/08–2012/13) and post-vaccine (two years; 2013/14–2014/15). The data sources included national rotavirus surveillance data based on laboratory reports/notifications; hospital admission data; and notifications of gastroenteritis in under 2 year olds. Results In the post-vaccination period, rotavirus incidence in NI dropped by 54% while in IE it increased by 19% compared to the pre-vaccine period. Notifications of gastroenteritis in under 2 s in NI declined by 53% and hospital admissions in under 5 year olds in NI declined by 40% in the post vaccine period. Conclusions This natural experiment demonstrated a significant reduction in rotavirus disease activity post-vaccine introduction in NI with associated reductions in healthcare utilisation, with a concurrent increase in rotavirus disease activity in the non-vaccinated population in IE. These findings support rotavirus vaccination as an effective measure to reduce childhood morbidity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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