Host defense triggers rapid adaptive radiation in experimentally evolving parasites
| Autor: | Scott M. Villa, Juan C. Altuna, Sarah E. Bush, Dale H. Clayton, Michael D. Shapiro, Kevin P. Johnson |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Letter diversification host switch Lineage (evolution) media_common.quotation_subject Population lcsh:Evolution Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Competition (biology) Predation 03 medical and health sciences Adaptive radiation Phthiraptera camouflage background‐matching coloration Genetics lcsh:QH359-425 Letters Adaptation education Selection (genetic algorithm) Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics media_common 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Experimental evolution education.field_of_study Natural selection Host (biology) Microevolution natural selection ectoparasite 010601 ecology rock pigeon Evolutionary biology Crypsis |
| Zdroj: | Evolution Letters, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 120-128 (2019) Evolution Letters |
| DOI: | 10.1101/420380 |
| Popis: | Adaptive radiation occurs when the members of a single lineage evolve different adaptive forms in response to selection imposed by competitors or predators. Iconic examples include Darwin's finches, Caribbean anoles, and Hawaiian silverswords, all of which live on islands. Although adaptive radiation is thought to be an important generator of biodiversity, most studies concern groups that have already diversified. Here, we take the opposite approach. We experimentally triggered diversification in the descendants of a single population of host-specific parasites confined to different host “islands.” We show rapid adaptive divergence of experimentally evolving feather lice in response to preening, which is a bird's main defense against ectoparasites. We demonstrate that host defense exerts strong phenotypic selection for crypsis in lice transferred to different colored rock pigeons (Columba livia). During four years of experimental evolution (∼60 generations), the lice evolved heritable differences in color. Strikingly, the observed color differences spanned the range of phenotypes found among congeneric lice adapted to other species of birds. To our knowledge, this is the first real-time demonstration that microevolution is fast enough to simulate millions of years of macroevolutionary change. Our results further indicate that host-mediated selection triggers rapid divergence in the adaptive radiation of parasites, which are among the most diverse organisms on Earth. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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