Gender differences in tobacco smoking: higher relative exposure to smoke than nicotine in women
| Autor: | Marilyn V. Zeman, L. Hiraki, Edward M. Sellers |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Canada Nicotine Adolescent Physiology Choice Behavior Risk Assessment Sampling Studies Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound Risk Factors Medicine Humans Prospective Studies Sex Distribution CYP2A6 Cotinine Aged Probability Smoke Carbon Monoxide business.industry Significant difference Smoking Genetic variants General Medicine Middle Aged Smoke exposure chemistry Female business Breath carbon monoxide Attitude to Health medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of women's healthgender-based medicine. 11(2) |
| ISSN: | 1524-6094 |
| Popis: | Men and women are thought to regulate their smoking differently and to differ in their susceptibility to nicotine addiction.Various measures of smoke exposure were compared between 400 current regular tobacco-dependent (DSM-IV) male and female light (1-15 cigarettes per day) and heavy (15 cigarettes per day) smokers. Between 2 and 8 PM, blood was collected for nicotine and cotinine analysis, and breath carbon monoxide (CO) was measured. Individuals with genetic variants of the CYP2A6 gene were removed from analysis (n = 25).No significant difference was found in the number of cigarettes per day or CO levels between the sexes. However, females had significantly lower nicotine levels than males (16.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 21.1 +/- 0.07, p0.01). This is only partly explained by the fact that females smoked lower nicotine-containing cigarettes. Female heavy smokers demonstrated higher -log nicotine/CO values (a representation of cost of smoking) compared with male heavy smokers (0.1 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.02 +/- 0.01 mg/L ppm, p0.05).Thus, gender differences appear to exist in smoking behaviors, nicotine sensitivity, and nicotine requirements. These differences are expected to contribute to gender differences in health risks and cancers associated with smoking. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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