ALDEHYDE OXIDASE DISTRIBUTION IN PICTURE-WINGED HAWAIIAN DROSOPHILA: EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS

Autor: David T. Kuhn, Jayne N. Ahearn
Rok vydání: 1980
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Zdroj: Evolution; international journal of organic evolution. 35(4)
ISSN: 1558-5646
Popis: Dipteran imaginal discs, especially those of Drosophila, are a unique system for the study of genetic control in determination and differentiation (Gehring, 1978). Although differentiation of adult structure is limited to metamorphosis, experiments utilizing clonal analysis have shown that groups of cells within imaginal discs become more and more restricted in their determination through the larval period. Morphologically, cells of the discs appear to be similar but Crick and Lawrence (1975) have hypothesized that they may differ from one another by enzyme profile which could be visualized histochemically. Major steps toward this visualization have been taken for the enzyme aldehyde oxidase (AO). A great deal is known of the biochemistry and genetic control of this enzyme in Drosophila. Much of this work is reviewed by Dickinson and Sullivan (1975). Dickinson (1971) was the first to histochemically localize AO in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults and find tissue-specific patterns of expression. Patterns of AO acitivity in Drosophila imaginal discs were first observed by Janning (1972, 1973) who also showed, using cell markers in gynandromorphs, that aldehyde oxidase is cell autonomous. Distribution of aldehyde oxidase in larval tissues and imaginal discs was surveyed by Kuhn and Cunningham (1978). These investigators were also able to show that in homoeotic mutants disc specific staining patterns are altered reflecting the change in determination (Kuhn and Cunningham, 1977a, 1977b). It is quite clear from these and other studies that tissue specificity of enzyme activity is a result of genetic regulation. The importance of considering regulatory as well as structural gene changes in evolution was emphasized by King and Wilson (1975). Sprey (1977) surveyed aldehyde oxidase distribution in imaginal discs of several dipterans including D. melanogaster, its sibling, D. simulans, and D. hydei. There is probably no better group of Drosophila in which to examine evolutionary trends in developmental regulation than the Hawaiian species. Precise relationships for 101 species of the picturewinged group have been determined based on banding sequences in the salivary gland polytene chromosomes (Carson et al., 1970; Carson and Kaneshiro, 1976). For these species a great deal is also known about their ecology, behavior, morphology and genetic variability. Dickinson (1979, 1980) has begun to examine these species for tissue-specific gene expression and has demonstrated cis-acting regulatory elements controlling expression of ADH and AO. We have chosen to survey ten species of picture-winged Hawaiian Drosophila, representing several branches of the phylogeny, examining them for larval tissuespecific expression of aldehyde oxidase and patterns of expression within the imaginal discs. This paper describes the AO activity patterns observed in relation to the questions: are patterns of expression species specific and do closely related species manifest similar distribution patterns?
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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