Different evolutionary pathways of HIV-1 between fetus and mother perinatal transmission pairs indicate unique immune selection in fetuses
| Autor: | Feng Gao, Xiaojun Li, Sallie R. Permar, Liping Feng, Amit Kumar, David R. Martinez, Joshua J. Tu, Michael Mengual, Elena E. Giorgi, Ethan Romero-Severson, Manukumar Honnayakanahalli Marichannegowda |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Adolescent Placenta viruses Mothers HIV Infections Article General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Cell Line in utero transmission Young Adult Fetus Immune system Neutralization Tests Pregnancy Humans Nucleotide Motifs Gene Phylogeny Selection (genetic algorithm) Genetics Base Sequence biology Phylogenetic tree immune selection Infant Newborn env Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus Genetic Variation Acquired immune system Biological Evolution Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical mother to child transmission Viral evolution Host-Pathogen Interactions HIV-1 biology.protein Female neonate Antibody signature |
| Zdroj: | Cell Reports Medicine |
| ISSN: | 2666-3791 |
| Popis: | Summary Study of evolution and selection pressure on HIV-1 in fetuses will lead to a better understanding of the role of immune responses in shaping virus evolution and vertical transmission. Detailed genetic analyses of HIV-1 env gene from 12 in utero transmission pairs show that most infections (67%) occur within 2 months of childbirth. In addition, the env sequences from long-term-infected fetuses are highly divergent and form separate phylogenetic lineages from their cognate maternal viruses. Host-selection sites unique to neonate viruses are identified in regions frequently targeted by neutralizing antibodies and T cell immune responses. Identification of unique selection sites in the env gene of fetal viruses indicates that the immune system in fetuses is capable of exerting selection pressure on viral evolution. Studying selection and evolution of HIV-1 or other viruses in fetuses can be an alternative approach to investigate adaptive immunity in fetuses. Graphical abstract Highlights Most in utero HIV-1 transmission occurs within 2 months of childbirth The HIV-1 env gene sequences from long-term-infected fetuses are highly divergent Selection sites unique to fetal viruses are found in regions targeted by immunity Presence of selection sites indicates active adaptive immune responses in fetuses Marichannegowda et al. find that in utero transmission of HIV-1 usually occurs within 2 months of childbirth. Analysis of the env gene sequences from long-term-infected fetuses identifies host-selection signatures that are unique to viruses in infants, suggesting that the fetal immune system can exert selection pressure on viral evolution. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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