Risk assessment of gypsum amendment on agricultural fields: Effects of sulfate on riverine biota
| Autor: | Tiina Laamanen, Jukka Syrjänen, Antti Taskinen, Rami Laaksonen, Maija Hannula, Petri Ekholm, Krista Rantamo, Heikki Hämäläinen, Jukka Aroviita, Jarno Turunen, Hanna E. Arola, Matti T. Leppänen, Johanna Salmelin |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Suomen ympäristökeskus, The Finnish Environment Institute |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Fontinalis antipyretica
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species Savijoki sulfate vesistönkuormitus chemistry.chemical_compound maanparannusaineet fosfori Finland Sulfates Biota eliöyhteisöt toksisuus ympäristövaikutukset Environmental chemistry ympäristöriskit kipsi Gypsum Baltic Sea Amendment chemistry.chemical_element testit engineering.material myrkyllisyys Calcium Sulfate Risk Assessment tapaustutkimus Rivers Suomi Environmental Chemistry Animals Sulfate pellot ved/biology Phosphorus kuormitus fungi vesistövaikutukset gypsum Bivalvia chemistry sulfaatit Itämeri engineering Environmental science Water quality Eutrophication Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Popis: | Gypsum (CaSO4 ∙ 2H2 O) amendment is a promising way of decreasing the phosphorus loading of arable lands, and of thus preventing aquatic eutrophication. However, in freshwaters with low sulfate concentrations, gypsum-released sulfate may pose a threat to the biota. To assess such risks, we performed a series of sulfate toxicity tests in the laboratory and conducted field surveys. These field surveys were associated with a large-scale pilot exercise involving spreading gypsum on agricultural fields covering 18% of the Savijoki River catchment area. The gypsum amendment in such fields resulted in about fourfold increase in the mean sulfate concentration for a 2-month period, and a transient, early peak reaching about 220 mg/L. The sulfate concentration gradually decreased almost to the pre-gypsum level after 3 years. Laboratory experiments with Unio crassus mussels and gypsum-spiked river water showed significant effects on the foot movement activity, which was more intense with the highest sulfate concentration (1,100 mg/L) than with the control. The survival of the glochidia after 24 and 48 h exposure was not significantly affected by the sulfate concentrations up to 1,000 mg/L. Neither was the length growth of the moss Fontinalis antipyretica affected. The field studies on benthic algal biomass accrual, mussel and fish density, and Salmo trutta embryo survival did not show gypsum amendment effects. Gypsum treatment did not raise the sulfate concentrations even to a level just close to critical for the biota studied. However, as the effects of sulfate are dependent on both the spatial and temporal contexts, we advocate water quality and biota monitoring with proper temporal and spatial control in rivers within gypsum treatment areas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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