Avoiding the trap: Mechanisms developed by pathogens to escape neutrophil extracellular traps
| Autor: | Gloria M. González, Romel Hernández-Bello, A.L. Ríos-López, Alejandro Sánchez-González |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0303 health sciences
Extracellular Traps Innate immune system Bacteria Neutrophils 030306 microbiology Antimicrobial peptides Fungi Biofilm Neutrophil extracellular traps Biology Infections Antimicrobial Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Myeloperoxidase Neutrophil elastase biology.protein Animals Humans Immune Evasion 030304 developmental biology |
| Zdroj: | Microbiological Research. 243:126644 |
| ISSN: | 0944-5013 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126644 |
| Popis: | Neutrophils are the first cells of the innate immune system that respond to infection by arriving at sites when pathogens have exceeded physical barriers. Among their response mechanisms against pathogens is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid and antimicrobial proteins such as neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, antimicrobial peptides, and other proteins in neutrophil granules. The formation of extracellular traps is considered an effective strategy to capture and, in some cases, neutralize pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. However, it is also known that pathogens can respond to NETs by expressing some virulence factors, thus evading the antimicrobial effect of these structures. These include the secretion of proteins to degrade the deoxyribonucleic acid scaffold, the formation of biofilms that impede the effect of NETs, or the modification of its membrane structure to avoid interaction with NETs. In this review, we discuss these mechanisms and summarize the different pathogens that employ one or more mechanisms to evade the NET-mediated neutrophil response. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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