Diversifying mechanisms in the on-farm evolution of crop mixtures

Autor: Stéphanie Thépot, Isabelle Goldringer, Sophie Jouanne-Pin, Nathalie Galic, Mathieu Thomas, Carine Remoué
Přispěvatelé: Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Grant from the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, grant from the Bureau des Ressources Génétiques (now Fondation sur la Recherche sur la Biodiversité) (2005–2007 project), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Crops
Agricultural
Genetic Markers
0106 biological sciences
on farm dynamic management
DNA
Plant
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Context (language use)
Biology
Genes
Plant
01 natural sciences
Crop
03 medical and health sciences
on farm evolutionary experiment
Genetics
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Selection
Genetic
Triticum
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
Selection (genetic algorithm)
030304 developmental biology
Local adaptation
2. Zero hunger
0303 health sciences
Experimental evolution
Genetic diversity
Models
Genetic
Ecology
business.industry
Genetic Variation
food and beverages
Agriculture
15. Life on land
crop biodiversity
Biological Evolution
Biotechnology
Genetics
Population
Phenotype
Crop diversity
Genetic structure
Microsatellite
Adaptation
business
local adaptation
Microsatellite Repeats
010606 plant biology & botany
Zdroj: Molecular Ecology
Molecular Ecology, Wiley, 2015, 24 (12), pp.2937-2954. ⟨10.1111/mec.13214⟩
Dedicated to the origins of agriculture and the domestication, evolution and utilization of genetic resources. Abstracts book
ISSN: 0962-1083
1365-294X
Popis: While modern agriculture relies on genetic homogeneity, diversifying practices associated with seed exchange and seed recycling may allow crops to adapt to their environment. This socio-genetic model is an original experimental evolution design referred to as on-farm dynamic management of crop diversity. Investigating such model can help in understanding how evolutionary and adaptive mechanisms shape crop diversity submitted to diverse agro-environments. We studied a French farmer- led initiative where a mixture of four wheat landraces called 'Mélange de Touselles' (MDT) was created in 2001 and circulated within a farmers' network. Fifteen of these MDT subpopulations were sampled in 2008. Each of them were simultaneously submitted to diverse environments (e.g. altitude, rainfall) and diverse farmers' practices (e.g. field size, sowing and harvesting date, etc.). Twenty-one space-time samples of 80 individuals each were genotyped using 17 microsatellite markers and characterized for their heading date in a 'common-garden' experiment. Gene polymorphism was studied using four markers located in earliness genes. An original network-based approach was developed to depict the particular and complex genetic structure of the landraces composing the mixture. Rapid differentiation among populations within the mixture was detected, larger at the phenotypic and gene levels than at the neutral genetic level, indicating potential divergent selection. We identified two interacting selection processes: variation in the mixture component frequencies, and evolution of within-variety diversity, that shaped the standing variability available within the mixture. These results confirmed that diversifying practices and environments maintain genetic diversity and allow for crop evolution and adaptation in the context of global change. Including concrete measurements of farmers' practices is critical to disentangle crop evolution processes.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: