Culex Flavivirus and West Nile Virus Mosquito Coinfection and Positive Ecological Association in Chicago, United States
Autor: | Tavis K. Anderson, Jeffery D. Brawn, Gabriel L. Hamer, Christina M. Newman, Marilyn O. Ruiz, Uriel Kitron, Francesco Cerutti, Tony L. Goldberg, Edward D. Walker |
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Rok vydání: | 2011 |
Předmět: |
West Nile virus
Culex viruses Secondary infection medicine.disease_cause Polymerase Chain Reaction Microbiology Virus Virology parasitic diseases medicine Animals Chicago Likelihood Functions Ecology biology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Transmission (medicine) Flavivirus fungi virus diseases Original Articles medicine.disease biology.organism_classification United States nervous system diseases Infectious Diseases Case-Control Studies Coinfection RNA Databases Nucleic Acid Culex flavivirus West Nile Fever |
Zdroj: | Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 11:1099-1105 |
ISSN: | 1557-7759 1530-3667 |
Popis: | Culex flavivirus (CxFV) is an insect-specific flavivirus globally distributed in mosquitoes of the genus Culex. CxFV was positively associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection in a case-control study of 268 mosquito pools from an endemic focus of WNV transmission in Chicago, United States. Specifically, WNV-positive Culex mosquito pools were four times more likely also to be infected with CxFV than were spatiotemporally matched WNV-negative pools. In addition, mosquito pools from residential sites characterized by dense housing and impermeable surfaces were more likely to be infected with CxFV than were pools from nearby urban green spaces. Further, 6/15 (40%) WNV-positive individual mosquitoes were also CxFV positive, demonstrating that both viruses can coinfect mosquitoes in nature. Phylogenetic analysis of CxFV from Chicago demonstrated a pattern similar to WNV, consisting of low global viral diversity and lack of geographic clustering. These results illustrate a positive ecological association between CxFV and WNV, and that coinfection of individual mosquitoes can occur naturally in areas of high flaviviral transmission. These conclusions represent a challenge to the hypothesis of super-infection exclusion in the CxFV/WNV system, whereby an established infection with one virus may interfere with secondary viral infection with a similar virus. This study suggests that infection with insect-specific flaviviruses such as CxFV may not exclude secondary infection with genetically distinct flaviviruses such as WNV, and that both viruses can naturally coinfect mosquitoes that are epidemic bridge vectors of WNV to humans. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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