A Proposed Framework for Identifying Nutrients and Food Components of Public Health Relevance in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Autor: Jamy D. Ard, Kellie O. Casavale, Kathryn G. Dewey, Timothy S. Naimi, Teresa A. Davis, Linda Snetselaar, Tusa Rebecca Pannucci, Rachel Novotny, Jaime S. Stang, Barbara O. Schneeman, Janet de Jesus, Regan L Bailey, Sharon M. Donovan, Eve E Stoody
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
0301 basic medicine
and promotion of well-being
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Cardiovascular
Nutrition Policy
0302 clinical medicine
Nutrient
Pregnancy
Relevance (law)
Medicine
Child
Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition
education.field_of_study
Nutrition and Dietetics
public health
Nutrition Surveys
Child
Preschool
Life course approach
Female
Public Health
Nutritive Value
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Population
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Health Promotion
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
Food Sciences
Animal Production
Environmental health
Humans
Food components
Preschool
3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention
education
dietary guidelines
Nutrition
030109 nutrition & dietetics
Nutrition & Dietetics
business.industry
nutrient
Prevention
Public health
Infant
Newborn
Infant
Feeding Behavior
Nutrients
Newborn
Prevention of disease and conditions
United States
Diet
Chronic disease
Folic acid
nutrition risk
business
Food Analysis
Zdroj: J Nutr
The Journal of nutrition, vol 151, iss 5
ISSN: 0022-3166
Popis: BackgroundIdentification of nutrients of public health concern has been a hallmark of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA); however, a formal systematic process for identifying them has not been published.ObjectivesWe aimed to propose a framework for identifying "nutrients or food components" (NFCs) of public health relevance to inform the DGA.MethodsThe proposed framework consists of 1) defining terminology; 2) establishing quantitative thresholds to identify NFCs; and 3) examining national data. The proposed framework utilizes available data from 3 key data sources or "prongs": 1) dietary intakes; 2) biological endpoints; and 3) clinical health consequences such as prevalence of health conditions, directly or indirectly through validated surrogate markers.ResultsIn identifying potential NFCs of public health concern, the 2020 DGA Committee developed a decision-tree framework with suggestions for combining the 3 prongs. The identified NFCs of public health concern for Americans ≥1y old included fiber, calcium (≥2y old), vitamin D, and potassium for low intakes and sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats (≥2y old) for high intakes that were associated with adverse health consequences. Iron was identified among infants ages 6-12mo fed human milk. For reproductive-aged and pregnant females, iron (all trimesters) and folate (first trimester) were identified for low intake, based on dietary and biomarker data (iron) or the severity of the consequence (folic acid and neural tube defects). Among pregnant women, low iodine was of potential public health concern based on biomarker data. Other NFCs that were underconsumed, overconsumed, and pose special challenges were identified across the life course.ConclusionsThe proposed decision-tree framework was intended to streamline and add transparency to the work of this and future Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committees to identify NFCs that need to be encouraged or discouraged in order to help reduce risk of chronic disease and promote health and energy balance in the population.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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