Distraction 'Hangover': Characterization of the Delayed Return to Baseline Driving Risk After Distracting Behaviors
| Autor: | Anne-Marie Engler, Joseph Snider, Sarah Hacker, Ryan Moran, Leanne Chukoskie, Ryan J. Spence, Linda Hill, Jeanne Townsend |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Task switching behaviors Driving risk text messages Human Factors and Ergonomics Behavioral Neuroscience Physical medicine and rehabilitation Distraction 0502 economics and business medicine 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences driving simulators Baseline (configuration management) 050107 human factors Applied Psychology 050210 logistics & transportation 05 social sciences high risk drivers voice communication smartphones eye fixations Eye tracking car following Psychology distraction Driving |
| Zdroj: | Human factors. |
| ISSN: | 1547-8181 |
| Popis: | Objective We measured how long distraction by a smartphone affects simulated driving behaviors after the tasks are completed (i.e., the distraction hangover). Background Most drivers know that smartphones distract. Trying to limit distraction, drivers can use hands-free devices, where they only briefly glance at the smartphone. However, the cognitive cost of switching tasks from driving to communicating and back to driving adds an underappreciated, potentially long period to the total distraction time. Method Ninety-seven 21- to 78-year-old individuals who self-identified as active drivers and smartphone users engaged in a simulated driving scenario that included smartphone distractions. Peripheral-cue and car-following tasks were used to assess driving behavior, along with synchronized eye tracking. Results The participants’ lateral speed was larger than baseline for 15 s after the end of a voice distraction and for up to 25 s after a text distraction. Correct identification of peripheral cues dropped about 5% per decade of age, and participants from the 71+ age group missed seeing about 50% of peripheral cues within 4 s of the distraction. During distraction, coherence with the lead car in a following task dropped from 0.54 to 0.045, and seven participants rear-ended the lead car. Breadth of scanning contracted by 50% after distraction. Conclusion Simulated driving performance drops dramatically after smartphone distraction for all ages and for both voice and texting. Application Public education should include the dangers of any smartphone use during driving, including hands-free. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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