Complementary roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma in inducible microglial nitric oxide generation
| Autor: | Víctor J. Asensio, Laia Tolosa, Jerònia Lladó, Margalida Mir, Gabriel Olmos |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
MAPK/ERK pathway
Time Factors Immunology Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Nitric Oxide Proinflammatory cytokine Nitric oxide chemistry.chemical_compound Interferon-gamma Mice medicine Immunology and Allergy Animals Interferon gamma Enzyme Inhibitors Cells Cultured Nitrites Cerebral Cortex Analysis of Variance biology Microglia Dose-Response Relationship Drug Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha JAK-STAT signaling pathway Molecular biology Nitric oxide synthase Mice Inbred C57BL medicine.anatomical_structure Neurology chemistry Animals Newborn biology.protein Tumor necrosis factor alpha Neurology (clinical) medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of neuroimmunology. 204(1-2) |
| ISSN: | 0165-5728 |
| Popis: | Proinflammatory cytokines and pathogen components activate microglia to release several substances such as nitric oxide (NO) produced after the induction of type II nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The present study was designed to elucidate the interaction between the proinflammatory cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on iNOS expression and NO production in microglial cells. In primary mouse microglial cells exposure to IFN-gamma (5 and 10 ng/ml; 48 h) or TNF-alpha (20 ng/ml; 48 h) alone were unable to induce iNOS expression; however, when cells were exposed to both cytokines together, the expression of this enzyme and the NO production in culture media were found significantly increased. In the BV-2 microglial cell line, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were shown to cooperate in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, an essential transcription factor for iNOS gene transcription. Importantly, IFN-gamma induced NF-kappa B binding to DNA was totally dependent on the endogenous TNF-alpha released via MEK/ERK signalling pathway. Thus, exposure of BV-2 cells to IFN-gamma in the presence of the selective MEK inhibitor U0126 or a neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibody significantly reduced IFN-gamma dependent NF-kappa B activation and iNOs expression. In addition, by activating the Jak/STAT pathway IFN-gamma potentiated TNF-alpha induced NF-kappa B binding to DNA and activated additional transcription factors (i.e. IRF-1) known to be essential for iNOs gene expression. The present findings demonstrate that the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha have complementary roles on iNOS expression in microglial cells and this might be relevant to understand the molecular mechanisms of microglial activation associated with the pathogenesis of several neuroinflammatory disorders in which increased levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha have been reported. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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