Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
| Autor: | Cyrille Megel, Geoffrey Morelle, Stéphanie Lalande, Anne-Marie Duchêne, Ian Small, Laurence Maréchal-Drouard |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
sncRNAs
RNA Stability RNA Untranslated Review Biology Cleavage (embryo) Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry lcsh:Chemistry RNA Transfer tRFs Protein biosynthesis tRNA quality control Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology lcsh:QH301-705.5 Spectroscopy Genetics Regulation of gene expression Organic Chemistry General Medicine stress response gene expression regulation Ribosomal RNA Endonucleases tRNA endonucleases Computer Science Applications Exoribonucleases Eukaryotic Cells lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 Transfer RNA Biogenesis tRNA decay |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1873-1893 (2015) International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription. In the RNA world, tRNAs are, with ribosomal RNAs, among the most stable molecules. Nevertheless, they are not eternal. As key elements of cell function, tRNAs need to be continuously quality-controlled. Two tRNA surveillance pathways have been identified. They act on hypo-modified or mis-processed pre-tRNAs and on mature tRNAs lacking modifications. A short overview of these two pathways will be presented here. Furthermore, while the exoribonucleases acting in these pathways ultimately lead to complete tRNA degradation, numerous tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are present within a cell. These cleavage products of tRNAs now potentially emerge as a new class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and are suspected to have important regulatory functions. The tRFs are evolutionarily widespread and created by cleavage at different positions by various endonucleases. Here, we review our present knowledge on the biogenesis and function of tRFs in various organisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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