Impact of lockdowns and winter temperatures on natural gas consumption in Europe

Autor: Stijn Nc Dellaert, Yann Françoise, Katsumasa Tanaka, Steven J. Davis, Léna Gurriaran, Chaopeng Hong, Zhu Deng, François-Marie Bréon, Michael Obersteiner, Ivan A. Janssens, Ciais Philippe, Josep Peñuelas, Zhu Liu, Yilong Wang
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Agence d’Écologie Urbaine, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), University of Antwerp (UA), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), ANR-19-MPGA-0008, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 42001104, Generalitat de Catalunya: AGAUR‐2020PANDE00117, Y. Wang acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant No. 42001104. K. Tanaka benefited from State assistance managed by the National Research Agency in France under the Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir under the reference ANR‐19‐MPGA‐0008. J. Penuelas acknowledges the Catalan government grant AGAUR‐2020PANDE00117, Y. Wang acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant No. 42001104. K. Tanaka benefited from State assistance managed by the National Research Agency in France under the Programme d?Investissements d?Avenir under the reference ANR-19-MPGA-0008. J. Penuelas acknowledges the Catalan government grant AGAUR-2020PANDE00117, ANR-19-MPGA-0008,PRATO,Achieving the Paris Agreement Temperature Targets after Overshoot(2019)
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Earth's Future, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)
Earth's Future
Earth's Future, 2022, 10 (1), ⟨10.1029/2021ef002250⟩
Earth's future
ISSN: 2328-4277
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2104.14990
Popis: International audience; Natural gas use accounts for ≈38% of the fossil fuel CO 2 emissions in Europe, including the EU27 and UK (Eurostat, 2021). The share of this fossil fuel in the energy mix has been growing since 1990 at the expense of oil and coal, as it is viewed as a cleaner source of energy (IEA, 2021). The main sectors using natural gas are the built environment (residential, public and commercial buildings), the industry, and the electricity production (Eurostat, 2021). In addition to steadily growing natural gas use, the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted economic activities and the energy demand, beginning in early March of 2020. Specifically, the government policies restricted mobility and confined people at home during "lockdowns", and reduced or closed industrial and non-essential commercial activities, with impacts on gas use and pertaining CO 2 emissions. Although such impacts have been noted by recent reports (IEA, 2020a, 2020b), they have not yet been quantified and analyzed in detail. During the cold season period when the pandemic arrived in Europe, natural gas consumption is typically high due to the heating demand in the built environment, which represents 52% of the total gas consumption from all-sectors averaged over January to June. For both residential and commercial buildings, gas consumption is typically inversely proportional to daily air temperature when temperatures fall below a comfort threshold "critical
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: