R-Loops as Cellular Regulators and Genomic Threats
| Autor: | Karlene A. Cimprich, Madzia P Crossley, Michael J. Bocek |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Genome instability
DNA Repair Transcription Genetic DNA damage R-loop Base pair DNA repair Computational biology Biology Genomic Instability Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Structure-Activity Relationship 0302 clinical medicine Transcription (biology) Animals Humans Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology Regulation of gene expression Cell Nucleus 0303 health sciences Genome Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes Cell Biology DNA chemistry Gene Expression Regulation Nucleic Acid Conformation RNA 030217 neurology & neurosurgery DNA Damage |
| Zdroj: | Molecular cell. 73(3) |
| ISSN: | 1097-4164 |
| Popis: | During transcription, the nascent RNA strand can base pair with its template DNA, displacing the non-template strand as ssDNA and forming a structure called an R-loop. R-loops are common across many domains of life and cause DNA damage in certain contexts. In this review, we summarize recent results implicating R-loops as important regulators of cellular processes such as transcription termination, gene regulation, and DNA repair. We also highlight recent work suggesting that R-loops can be problematic to cells as blocks to efficient transcription and replication that trigger the DNA damage response. Finally, we discuss how R-loops may contribute to cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases and compare the available next-generation sequencing-based approaches to map R-loops genome wide. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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