Pharmaco-Magnetic Resonance as a Tool for Monitoring the Medication-Related Effects in the Brain May Provide Potential Biomarkers for Psychotic Disorders
| Autor: | Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Katrin Aryutova |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Psychosis
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy QH301-705.5 pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging glutamate Review Disease Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Neuroimaging Dopamine medicine Animals Humans psychosis neurotransmission Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Biology (General) Molecular Biology Phencyclidine Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia QD1-999 Spectroscopy business.industry brain connectivity Organic Chemistry Brain Cognition General Medicine medicine.disease Computer Science Applications schizophrenia Chemistry Psychotic Disorders Schizophrenia cognitive symptoms dopamine business Neuroscience Biomarkers Antipsychotic Agents medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 9309, p 9309 (2021) International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | The neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental hypotheses represent the basic etiological framework for the origin of schizophrenia. Additionally, the dopamine hypothesis, adopted more than two decades ago, has repeatedly asserted the position of dopamine as a pathobiochemical substrate through the action of psychostimulants and neuroleptics on the mesolimbic and mesocortical systems, giving insight into the origin of positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms. Meanwhile, cognitive impairments in schizophrenia remain incompletely understood but are thought to be present during all stages of the disease, as well as in the prodromal, interictal and residual phases. On the other hand, observations on the effects of NMDA antagonists, such as ketamine and phencyclidine, reveal that hypoglutamatergic neurotransmission causes not only positive and negative but also cognitive schizophrenic symptoms. This review aims to summarize the different hypotheses about the origin of psychoses and to identify the optimal neuroimaging method that can serve to unite them in an integral etiological framework. We systematically searched Google scholar (with no concern to the date published) to identify studies investigating the etiology of schizophrenia, with a focus on impaired central neurotransmission. The complex interaction between the dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter systems provides the long-needed etiological concept, which combines the neurodegenerative hypothesis with the hypothesis of impaired neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. Pharmaco-magnetic resonance imaging is a neuroimaging method that can provide a translation of scientific knowledge about the neural networks and the disruptions in and between different brain regions, into clinically applicable and effective therapeutic results in the management of severe psychotic disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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