Trace Element Concentrations in Drinking Water and Urine among Saharawi Women and Young Children
| Autor: | Marian Kjellevold, Sigrun Henjum, Tecber Saleh Ahmed, Camilla Risa Haugstad, Inger Aakre, Marianne Molin, Khailil Moubarak, Marie Vollset, Jan Alexander, Elin Gjengedal |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
thyroid dysfunction Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis chemistry.chemical_element Portable water purification Urine 010501 environmental sciences Thyroid dysfunctions Toxicology lcsh:Chemical technology 01 natural sciences Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Nitrate Drinking water lcsh:TP1-1185 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Arsenic 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Trace elements 030109 nutrition & dietetics Chemical Health and Safety Purified water chemistry Chemical elements Environmental science Water quality Selenium |
| Zdroj: | Toxics Toxics, Vol 6, Iss 3, p 40 (2018) Volume 6 Issue 3 |
| Popis: | Poor water quality has been reported along with a variety of negative health outcomes in the Saharawi refugee camps in Algeria. We assessed the concentration of elements in drinking water and urine in refugee women and children. Twenty-four samples of distributed public drinking water were collected, along with urine samples from 77 women and 296 children. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we analyzed water and urine for 31 and 10 elements, respectively. In addition, the water samples were analyzed for five anions by ion-exchange chromatography. Data were described according to two areas: zone 1 with purified water and water with naturally better quality, and zone 2 with only partially purified water. Most elements in drinking water had significantly higher concentration in zone 2 compared with zone 1. Sodium, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate were the parameters that exceeded the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Among both women and children, urinary concentration of vanadium, arsenic, selenium, lead, iodine, and uranium exceeded reference values, and most of the elements were significantly higher in zone 2 compared to zone 1. Even though water purification in the Saharawi refugee camps has increased during the last years, some elements are still exceeding the WHO guidelines for drinking water quality. Moreover, urinary exposure of some elements exceeded reference values from the literature. Further effort should be made to improve the water quality among the Saharawi refugees. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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