Survival of planet-induced vortices in 2D disks
| Autor: | Willy Kley, William Béthune, Thomas Rometsch, Alexandros Ziampras |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Physics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) Turbulence FOS: Physical sciences Astronomy and Astrophysics Observable Context (language use) Astrophysics Edge (geometry) Dissipation Vortex Pluto Space and Planetary Science Planet Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| DOI: | 10.48550/arxiv.2110.00589 |
| Popis: | Context: Several observations of protoplanetary disks display non-axisymmetric features, often interpreted as vortices. Numerical modeling has repeatedly shown that gap-opening planets are capable of producing large and long-lasting vortices at their outer gap edge, making massive planets popular candidates as the source of such features. Aims: We explore the lifetime of vortices generated by Jupiter-sized planets as a function of the thermal relaxation timescale, the level of turbulence, and the effect of disk self-gravity. Methods: We conduct 2D numerical simulations using the hydrodynamics codes PLUTO and FARGO, scanning through several physical and numerical parameters. Vortex properties are automatically extracted from thousands of simulation snapshots. Results: We find that vortices that spawn at the outer gap edge can survive for about 100-3000 planetary orbits, with the shortest lifetimes occurring for moderately efficient dissipation and cooling. However, we also observe a different regime of long-lasting vortices with lifetimes of at least 15 000 orbits for very low viscosity and very short thermal relaxation timescales. Disk self-gravity significantly shortens the lifetime of regular vortices but still allows long-lived ones to survive. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the cooling timescale plays an important role in vortex formation and lifetime and that planet-generated vortices should be observable at large distances from the star for typical thermal relaxation timescales and low turbulence levels. Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A) |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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