Why do studies show different associations between intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking and age at menarche?
Autor: | Karin B. Michels, Mary Beth Terry, Ying Wei, Piera M. Cirillo, Barbara A. Cohn, Mandy Goldberg, Lauren C. Houghton |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Adolescent Epidemiology Maternal smoking Birth weight Growth Child health Article Nuclear Family 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Pregnancy medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Sexual Maturation Intrauterine exposure Menarche 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine business.industry Smoking Age Factors Adolescent Development medicine.disease Confidence interval Maternal Exposure Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Female Tobacco Smoke Pollution medicine.symptom business Weight gain Demography Follow-Up Studies |
Zdroj: | Annals of epidemiology. 28(3) |
ISSN: | 1873-2585 |
Popis: | Purpose Studies suggests that intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking both accelerates or delays age at menarche. We hypothesize that these opposing findings relate to different infant and childhood growth patterns across cohorts. Methods Using data from an adult follow-up study of the Child Health and Development Studies and the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, we examined, using generalized estimating linear regression models, whether intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking was associated with age at menarche in 1090 daughters before and after accounting for growth in weight. Results Compared to the nonexposed, intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking was associated with a 4-month acceleration in menarche in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (β = −0.35 years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.63, −0.08), but a 6-month delay in menarche in the Child Health and Development Studies (β = 0.48 years; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.83), despite having a similar reduction in birth weight in both cohorts (∼300 g). The results were more consistent across cohorts when we stratified by postnatal growth patterns. For example, in those with rapid weight gain (increasing two growth references from 0 to 4 years), intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking was related to a 7-month acceleration in menarche (β = −0.56 years; 95% CI: −0.95, −0.17). Conclusions These findings suggest that the association of intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking on age at menarche depends on postnatal growth patterns. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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