Determination of Removal Efficiencies for Escherichia coli, Clostridial Spores, and F-Specific Coliphages in Unit Processes of Surface Waterworks for QMRA Applications
| Autor: | Päivi Meriläinen, Ilkka T. Miettinen, Ville Matikka, Asko Vepsäläinen, Tarja Pitkänen, Anna-Maria Hokajärvi, Sara Kovanen, Ari Kauppinen |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering
0208 environmental biotechnology Geography Planning and Development ta1172 chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Aquatic Science E. coli medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Endospore removal efficiency Clostridium law.invention lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes lcsh:TC1-978 law medicine Chlorine Coagulation (water treatment) Escherichia coli Filtration 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology lcsh:TD201-500 Campylobacter drinking water risk assessment Pulp and paper industry 020801 environmental engineering Spore chemistry Norovirus Environmental science F-specific coliphage |
| Zdroj: | Water Volume 10 Issue 11 Water, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 1525 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| Popis: | The removal efficiencies of bacteria, bacterial spores, and viruses after a change in source water and water pH in coagulation were studied at pilot scale in coagulation with flotation, rapid sand filtration, and disinfection with UV and chlorine. The results were compared to the treatment efficiencies of full-scale waterworks and data from literature. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)-method was applied to estimate the numbers of illness cases caused by Campylobacter and norovirus after simulation of six operational malfunction scenarios. Coagulation with flotation and disinfection were more efficient in removing Clostridium spp. spores and MS2 coliphages than sand filtration in the pilot scale experiments (p < 0.001&ndash 0.008). The removal of E. coli was more efficient in sand filtration and in disinfection compared to coagulation with flotation (p = 0.006 and 0.01). Source water or pH change in coagulation had not significant effects on the removal efficiency of microbes. In QMRA, when disinfection was not in use, an increase in the number of illness cases compared to the normal situation was noticed. The variability in the number of illness cases demonstrated the importance of site-specific data in QMRA. This study provides new information on applying QMRA in both pilot and full-scale waterworks. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|