The MHC-II transactivator CIITA, a restriction factor against oncogenic HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 retroviruses: similarities and differences in the inhibition of Tax-1 and Tax-2 viral transactivators
| Autor: | Giovanna Tosi, Greta Forlani, Roberto S. Accolla, Rawan Abdallah |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Genetics Intrinsic immunity MHC class II biology Tax HTLV-2 Tax-2 lcsh:QR1-502 Regulator CIITA chemical and pharmacologic phenomena Review Article HTLV Acquired immune system Microbiology restriction factors lcsh:Microbiology Gene product Transactivation Viral replication biology.protein viral replication HTLV-1 Tax-1 |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 4 (2013) Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Popis: | The activation of CD4(+) T helper cells is strictly dependent on the presentation of antigenic peptides by MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules. MHC-II expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level by the AIR-1 gene product CIITA (class II transactivator). Thus, CIITA plays a pivotal role in the triggering of the adaptive immune response against pathogens. Besides this well known function, we recently found that CIITA acts as an endogenous restriction factor against HTLV-1 (human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1) and HTLV-2 oncogenic retroviruses by targeting their viral transactivators Tax-1 and Tax-2, respectively. Here we review our findings on CIITA-mediated inhibition of viral replication and discuss similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms by which CIITA specifically counteracts the function of Tax-1 and Tax-2 molecules. The dual function of CIITA as a key regulator of adaptive and intrinsic immunity represents a rather unique example of adaptation of host-derived factors against pathogen infections during evolution. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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