Pervasive Neglect of Sex Differences in Biomedical Research
Autor: | Irving Zucker, Brian J. Prendergast, Annaliese K. Beery |
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Rok vydání: | 2024 |
Předmět: |
Drug
Male Drug doses medicine.medical_specialty Sex Characteristics Drug trial Biomedical Research media_common.quotation_subject Biology General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology United States Neglect Pharmacokinetic analysis Rats Preclinical research Mice National Institutes of Health (U.S.) Blood drug Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Female Overmedicated media_common |
Zdroj: | Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. 14(4) |
ISSN: | 1943-0264 |
Popis: | Females have long been underrepresented in preclinical research and clinical drug trials. Directives by the U.S. National Institutes of Health have increased female participation in research protocols, although analysis of outcomes by sex remains infrequent. The long-held view that traits of female rats and mice are more variable than those of males is discredited, supporting equal representation of both sexes in most studies. Drug pharmacokinetic analysis reveals that, among subjects administered a standard drug dose, women are exposed to higher blood drug concentrations and longer drug elimination times. This contributes to increased adverse drug reactions in women and suggests that women are routinely overmedicated and should be administered lower drug doses than men. The past decade has seen progress in female inclusion, but key subsequent steps such as sex-based analysis and sex-specific drug dosing remain to be implemented. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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