In utero exposure to fine particulate matter results in an altered neuroimmune phenotype in adult mice
| Autor: | Joshua A. Kulas, Matthew W. Gorr, Kendra L. Puig, Michael P. McDonald, Colin K. Combs, Justine E. Melvin, Jordan V. Hettwer, Vineeta Tanwar, Loren E. Wold, Mona Sohrabi, Gunjan D. Manocha |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male 0301 basic medicine medicine.medical_specialty Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis medicine.medical_treatment Inflammation Anxiety Biology Toxicology Nervous System Article Mice 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Western blot Air Pollution Internal medicine Toxicity Tests medicine Animals Humans Neuroinflammation Air Pollutants Behavior Animal medicine.diagnostic_test Neurodegeneration Brain Environmental Exposure General Medicine Environmental exposure medicine.disease Pollution Phenotype 030104 developmental biology Cytokine Endocrinology In utero Synaptophysin biology.protein Particulate Matter medicine.symptom Biomarkers 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Pollution. 241:279-288 |
| ISSN: | 0269-7491 |
| Popis: | Environmental exposure to air pollution has been linked to a number of health problems including organ rejection, lung damage and inflammation. While the deleterious effects of air pollution in adult animals are well documented, the long-term consequences of particulate matter (PM) exposure during animal development are uncertain. In this study we tested the hypothesis that environmental exposure to PM 2.5 μm in diameter in utero promotes long term inflammation and neurodegeneration. We evaluated the behavior of PM exposed animals using several tests and observed deficits in spatial memory without robust changes in anxiety-like behavior. We then examined how this affects the brains of adult animals by examining proteins implicated in neurodegeneration, synapse formation and inflammation by western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. These tests revealed significantly increased levels of COX2 protein in PM2.5 exposed animal brains in addition to changes in synaptophysin and Arg1 proteins. Exposure to PM2.5 also increased the immunoreactivity for GFAP, a marker of activated astrocytes. Cytokine concentrations in the brain and spleen were also altered by PM2.5 exposure. These findings indicate that in utero exposure to particulate matter has long term consequences which may affect the development of both the brain and the immune system in addition to promoting inflammatory change in adult animals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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