Occupational lead poisoning in the United States: clinical and biochemical findings related to blood lead levels
| Autor: | Philip J. Landrigan, Alan G. Barbour, R N Ligo, J Throckmorton, David S. Folland, Edward L. Baker, Dennis H. Cox |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1979 |
| Předmět: |
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Anemia Physiology Renal function Air Pollutants Occupational Kidney Function Tests Lead poisoning Blood Urea Nitrogen Toxicology Excretion chemistry.chemical_compound Humans Medicine Blood urea nitrogen Creatinine Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Liter Neuromuscular Diseases medicine.disease United States Lead Poisoning Occupational Diseases Lead chemistry Blood chemistry Chemical Industry Metallurgy Maximum Allowable Concentration business Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 36:314-322 |
| ISSN: | 1351-0711 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/oem.36.4.314 |
| Popis: | Dose-response relationships between blood lead levels and toxic effects have been evaluated in 160 lead workers in two smelters and a chemicals plant. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.77 to 13.51 mumol/litre (16-280 microgram/dl). Clinical evidence of toxic exposure was found in 70 workers (44%), including colic in 33, wrist or ankle extensor muscle weakness in 12, anaemia (Hgb less than 8.69 mumol/litre (Hb/4) or 14.0 gm/dl) in 27, elevated blood urea nitrogen (greater than or equal to 7.14 mmol/litre or 20 mg/dl) in 28, and possible encephalopathy in two. No toxicity was detected at blood lead levels below 1.93 mumol/litre (40 microgram/dl). However, 13% of workers with blood lead levels of 1.93 to 3.81 mumol/litre (40-79 microgram/dl) had extensor muscle weakness or gastrointestinal symptoms. Anaemia was found in 5% of workers with lead levels of 1.93-2.85 mumol/litre (40-59 microgram/dl), in 14% with levels of 2.90 to 3.81 mumol/litre (60-79 microgram/dl), and in 36% with levels greater than or equal to 3.86 mumol/litre (80 microgram/dl). Elevated blood urea nitrogen occurred in long-term lead workers. All but three workers with increased blood urea nitrogen had at least four years occupational lead exposure, and nine had received oral chelation; eight of this group had reduced creatinine clearance, and eight had decreased renal concentrating ability. These data support the establishment of a permissible biological limit for blood lead at a level between 1.93 and 2.90 mumol/litre (40-60 microgram/dl). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|