Monitoring Insect Resistance to Bt Maize in the European Union: Update, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Autor: Matías García, Carlos García-Benítez, Félix Ortego, Gema P Farinós
Přispěvatelé: Monsanto Company, Bayer, Ortego, Félix, Farinós, Gema P.
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Economic Entomology. 116:275-288
ISSN: 1938-291X
0022-0493
DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac154
Popis: 14 p.-6 fig.-1 tab.
Transgenic maize producing the Cry1Ab toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt maize) was approved for cultivation in the European Union (EU) in 1998 to control the corn borers Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèbvre) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). In the EU since then, Cry1Ab is the only Bt toxin produced by Bt maize and Spain is the only country where Bt maize has been planted every year. In 2021, about 100,000 hectares of Bt maize producing Cry1Ab were cultivated in the EU, with Spain accounting for 96% and Portugal 4% of this area. In both countries, Bt maize represented less than 25% of all maize planted in 2021, with a maximum regional adoption of 64% Bt maize in northeastern Spain. Insect resistance management based on the high-dose/refuge strategy has been implemented in the EU since 1998. This has been accompanied by monitoring to enable early detection of resistance. The monitoring data from laboratory bioassays show no decrease in susceptibility to Cry1Ab had occurred in either pest as of 2021. Also, control failures have not been reported, confirming that Bt maize producing Cry1Ab remains effective against both pests. Conditions in the EU preventing approval of new genetically modified crops, including maize producing two or more Bt toxins targeting corn borers, may limit the future effectiveness of resistance management strategies.
This review includes the revision of data obtained by our group in the frame of various R&D contracts of technological support funded by private companies: Monsanto Europe SA (2016–2019) and Bayer CropScience Schweiz AG (since 2020).
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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