Nitrite Enhances MC-LR-Induced Changes on Splenic Oxidation Resistance and Innate Immunity in Male Zebrafish
Autor: | Wang Lin, Dapeng Li, Lingkai Wang, Rong Tang, Honghui Guo, Dandan Zhang, Xueyang Wu, Li Li |
---|---|
Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Antioxidant Microcystins Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis medicine.medical_treatment Nitrite lcsh:Medicine 010501 environmental sciences Pharmacology Toxicology medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Immune system Malondialdehyde medicine Animals oxidative stress Nitrites Zebrafish 0105 earth and related environmental sciences immune function Innate immune system lcsh:R Drug Synergism Glutathione Complement C3 Eutrophication Immunity Innate 030104 developmental biology chemistry joint toxicity Toxicity Marine Toxins Microcystin-LR Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative stress Spleen Water Pollutants Chemical |
Zdroj: | Toxins Volume 10 Issue 12 Toxins, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 512 (2018) |
ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
DOI: | 10.3390/toxins10120512 |
Popis: | Hazardous contaminants, such as nitrite and microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), are released into water bodies during cyanobacterial blooms and may adversely influence the normal physiological function of hydrobiontes. The combined effects of nitrite and MC-LR on the antioxidant defense and innate immunity were evaluated through an orthogonal experimental design (nitrite: 0, 29, 290 μM MC-LR: 0, 3, 30 nM). Remarkable increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have suggested that nitrite and/or MC-LR exposures induce oxidative stress in fish spleen, which were indirectly confirmed by significant downregulations of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) contents, as well as transcriptional levels of antioxidant enzyme genes cat1, sod1 and gpx1a. Simultaneously, nitrite and MC-LR significantly decreased serum complement C3 levels as well as the transcriptional levels of splenic c3b, lyz, il1β, ifnγ and tnfα, and indicated that they could jointly impact the innate immunity of fish. The severity and extent of splenic lesions were aggravated by increased concentration of nitrite or MC-LR and became more serious in combined groups. The damages of mitochondria and pseudopodia in splenic macrophages suggest that oxidative stress exerted by nitrite and MC-LR aimed at the membrane structure of immune cells and ultimately disrupted immune function. Our results clearly demonstrate that nitrite and MC-LR exert synergistic suppressive effects on fish innate immunity via interfering antioxidant responses, and their joint toxicity should not be underestimated in eutrophic lakes. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: | |
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje | K zobrazení výsledku je třeba se přihlásit. |