Epidemiology of human exposure to rabies in Nunavik: incidence, the role of dog bites and their context, and victim profiles

Autor: Sarah Mediouni, Mario Brisson, André Ravel
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Male
Injury
Nunavik
Animal Diseases
Bite
0302 clinical medicine
Epidemiology
Dog
030212 general & internal medicine
Bites and Stings
Dog Diseases
Young adult
Child
Children
Public health
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Incidence (epidemiology)
Incidence
05 social sciences
Quebec
Management
Child
Preschool
Female
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Rabies
Context (language use)
Animals
Wild
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Dogs
Environmental health
medicine
Animals
Humans
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology
Retrospective Studies
Medical case management
business.industry
Animal
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Infant
Newborn
Infant
lcsh:RA1-1270
Environmental Exposure
medicine.disease
Biostatistics
business
Zdroj: BMC Public Health
BMC Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2020)
ISSN: 1471-2458
Popis: Background In Nunavik, Arctic rabies is still endemic due to a spillover from wildlife to dogs. The prevention of human exposure and the management of potential exposure is a significant public health concern in this region. Methods This study retrospectively describes cases of potential exposure to rabies in humans as reported to the Nunavik Public Health Board through their registry of reported cases. We used multi-correspondence analysis as well as univariable and multivariable regression models to test for differences between children and adults in reported cases, and to examine the contexts of exposure to dogs and dog attacks. Results From 2008 to 2017, 320 cases of potential exposure to rabies were reported, 92% of which were linked to dogs. The annual incidence rate was 2.5 per 1000 people. The incidence increased significantly during the study period, although the reasons for this are unclear. Fifteen cases of exposure were with rabid animals, mostly dogs (9 of 15). No human cases of rabies occurred thanks to adequate medical case management. Two specific profiles for potential exposure to rabies were identified based on age and gender. The first was children ( Conclusion Rabies is a real public health threat in Nunavik. Potential human exposure needs to be prevented, and prevention measures should be tailored to the two risk profiles identified based on age, gender and animal species involved.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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