Exploring the Effects of Environmental Factors on the Development of 0–4-Year Old Children in The Netherlands
Autor: | Jennie Odink, Paula van Dommelen, Anjoeka Pronk, Gerard Hoek, Luuk van Wel, Eelco Kuijpers, Debbie Heinen, Paul H. Verkerk, Moniek Zuurbier, Janine Bezem |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis Child health care air pollution Air pollution environmental exposure 010501 environmental sciences Logistic regression medicine.disease_cause Health outcomes 01 natural sciences Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health green space medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Child Netherlands 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Air Pollutants Infant Newborn Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health D-score Infant Environmental exposure early life development Child development Geography Child Preschool Developmental Milestone child health Medicine Particulate Matter International development |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 18 Issue 15 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 7782, p 7782 (2021) |
ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph18157782 |
Popis: | Air pollution, noise, and green space are important environmental exposures, having been linked to a variety of specific health outcomes. However, there are few studies addressing overall early life development. To assess their effects, associations between developmental milestones for a large population of 0–4-year old children in The Netherlands and environmental exposures were explored. Developmental milestones and background characteristics were provided by Preventive Child Health Care (PCHC) and supplemented with data from Statistics Netherlands. Milestones were summarized and standardized into an aggregate score measuring global development. Four age groups were selected. Environmental exposures were assigned to geocoded addresses using publicly available maps for PM2.5, PM10, PMcoarse, NO2, EC, road traffic noise, and green space. Associations were investigated using single and multiple-exposure logistic regression models. 43,916 PCHC visits by 29,524 children were available. No consistent associations were found for air pollution and road traffic noise. Green space was positively associated in single and multiple-exposure models although it was not significant in all age groups (OR 1.01 (0.95 1.08) (1 year) to 1.07 (1.01 1.14) (2 years)). No consistent associations were found between air pollution, road traffic noise, and global child development. A positive association of green space was indicated. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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