A Tuberculosis Outbreak Fueled by Cross-Border Travel and Illicit Substances: Nevada and Arizona
| Autor: | Philip Ricks, Haley Blake, Carla Chee, Kiren Mitruka, Laurie Hickstein, Roque Miramontes, Sapna Bamrah |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Tuberculosis Adolescent Genotype Substance-Related Disorders media_common.quotation_subject Immigration Disease cluster Disease Outbreaks Environmental health medicine Humans Child Index case media_common Illicit Drugs business.industry Transmission (medicine) Research Medical record Arizona Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant Outbreak Mycobacterium tuberculosis Emigration and Immigration medicine.disease Child Preschool Population Surveillance Contact Tracing business Contact tracing Nevada |
| Zdroj: | Public Health Reports. 129:78-85 |
| ISSN: | 1468-2877 0033-3549 |
| Popis: | Objectives. From May 2006 to August 2008, the Southern Nevada Health District identified eight tuberculosis (TB) cases in six adults and two children in a Hispanic community. We conducted an outbreak investigation to determine the extent of TB transmission and prevent additional cases. Methods. We investigated TB cases in Nevada and Arizona with the outbreak genotype or cases with suspected epidemiologic links to this cluster but without genotyping data. We reviewed medical records and interviewed patients and contacts. Subsequently, genotype surveillance was conducted for approximately four years to monitor additional outbreak-related cases. Results. Eight outbreak cases were identified among six adults and two children. All patients were Hispanic and five were U.S.-born. The index patient was diagnosed while detained in Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody but deported before treatment completion. He was lost to follow-up for two years, during which time he served as the source for six secondary TB cases, including his own child. Along with the index patient, five patients reportedly engaged in the sale or use of methamphetamine. Follow-up surveillance in the two states identified eight additional cases with the outbreak genotype; three had epidemiologic links to the index case. Conclusions. We found that incomplete TB treatment led to extensive TB transmission. We recommend thorough discharge planning and active measures to ensure continuity of care and TB treatment completion for people in custody at higher risk for loss to follow-up, which likely includes those engaged in the sale or use of illicit substances. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|